Abstract：Because development and utilization of underground space resources is in the geological body, it is Influent by the nature and structure of the geological body and the state of storing of groundwater. This geological problems are state of storing of groundwater, the changing of groundwater water level. ground subsidence , active fault, covered karst collapse and the underground noxious gas. These issues may have adverse impact on the development and exploitation of underground space. An improper countermeasure might lead to heave losses. Therefore, geological condition should be considered as one of important factors when underground space planning is formulated. It is of great important to ward off risks, protect environment and achieve sustainable development.

The Cross-river Tunnel of the East Fuxing Road in Shanghai is the first double-deck tunnel in China. Horizontal Freezing Method was used to construct the cross- passages monitored with a system of information construction. Analyzing the monitored data in details, it is shown that the layout of freezing pipes and the heat radiation of tunnel lining are two important factors affecting the frozen soil's shape. The frozen soil's shape can be divided into three zones according to the lay out of freezing pipes and the heat radiation of tunnel lining. Through defining the radiating coefficient of the tunnel lining, the influencing degree and dimension affecting the frozen soil behind the tunnel lining due to the heat radiation are discussed. The significant conclusions obtained in this paper provide a good reference in guiding future design and construction in similar conditions.

In consideration of the development and construction of the Shanghai Hongqiao integrated transportation hub, introduced the overall layout and the underground space development program of the world's largest transportation hub - Hongqiao integrated transportation hub. At the same time, relying on the hub building, an analysis of the pivotal conditions of underground space development in the region had been done. The necessity and urgency of underground space development in Hongqiao integrated transportation hub region were studied. The objectives, principles and general ideas of underground space in Hongqiao integrated transportation hub region are proposed. Based on the study of functions and scale of underground space, the control requirements of underground space planning were given, and the suggestions on planning of underground traffic facilities, underground complex settings and underground space planning and implementation were recommended.

Abstract：Combined with rock slope engineering examples, the analysis of the calculation methods for anchors axial force in rock slope was carried out in different ways. The results show that the calculated values of bolt axial force by limit equilibrium method, the strength reduction method, equivalent internal friction angle method, 2-D numerical analysis method are relatively large. The calculated values by 3-D numerical analysis method are reliable. It is consistent with the result from actual slope. The calculated values of anchors axial force by lateral rock pressure calculation method and unbalanced thrust method are almost the same with that by numerical analysis method. When the lateral pressure is close to zero, the calculation design method in technical code for building slope has potential safety problems. In this case, the strength reduction calculation method is proposed in this paper. Through a series of case studies, the applicability of the proposed method was clearly exhibited. Anchors axial force is not uniformly distributed, the anchors should be strengthened on the top and the bottom of the slope. The slope which has a good stability during the construction phase can be treated by direct construction method, because the stability of the slope has been fully used to reduce the anchors axial force, and also can optimize the designs.

Abstract: According to the current situation of People’s Square underground space: three metro lines can be interchanged here; more than fifty bus lines gather here; many commercial, cultural, underground parking facilities are distributed here. The future requirement analysis of People’s Square shows that the present situation of the square can not meet future development requirement. So the successful experience of San Francisco and Montreal can be used in combination with the practical situation of Shanghai People’s Square. This paper presents some ideas of optimization of people’s square underground space: shortening time of metro interchange; integrating metro and bus interchange; connecting the function buildings in this district.

Abstract：This article analysed the engineering characteristic of soft high embankment in Chongqing, and a comparative analysis was carried out for several common foundation treatment plans—grouting, compaction, drilling and punching into the pile by a project case and discussed their properties respectively. This paper proposed a technology of rotary drilling cast-in-place pile for the special nature of the high embankment, in further, introduced its drilling mode and feature and application status in Chongqing, probed into construction quality by dry and wet drilling methods and the advantages and disadvantages in terms of rock breaking, drilling speed, effect of slurry Wall. In the end, a technical measure is proposed for treatment of hole collapse during the construction by dry drilling. It had a certain reference value for similar project.
 

By comparison of fresh air requirement calculation based on domestic specifications with that on PIARC2004,it is pointed out that there are gaps exist on pollutant design concentration and fresh air requirement calculation of urban road tunnel.Through formulae calculation,it is concluded that there are problems on values of vehicle density factor,as well as the problem on air pressure and air temperature modification for CO fresh air requirement.

Making hole from one side can meet the requirements for construction of connecting aisle in normal subway tunnel． This method is not suitable for the site with complex soils and ultra-long channel aisle． In this paper，an ultra-long connected aisle ( net length 13． 8m) freezing from two sides is surveyed and researched． Through this research，it is pointed out that freezing from two sides to freeze the soil is entirely feasible，and the development of frozen wall in different soil layers through on-site monitoring and analysis can be estimated more accurately to determine the excavation time． In this paper，based on the analysis of monitoring results，the temperature field， development of frozen wall and the tunnel deformation of ultra-long connected aisle frozen from two sides are obtained．The results can be used for reference by similar projects．

It becomes more and more important to carry out the construction of underground informatization under uniform framework.Different from the aboveground’s uniform data and application model,the underground informatization is more isomerous and complicated in many ways and the design of management platform has to be based on the comprehension of data and application model’character.The paper describes the classes and content of underground informatization at first and then summarizes five characteristics based on the analysis of geologic and underground pipes informatization construction.At last this paper designs the uniform framework of underground informatization and analyzes briefly its characteristic and critical technique support.

Abstract: Shanghai Fuxing east road cross-river tunnel is the first double-deck and double tunnel in our country. There are high construction risks because of large section and unfavourable geological conditions. By using risk analysis method, this paper analyzed possible equipment installation risk before refrigeration, freezing operational risk, freezing temperature maintain risk, equipment withdrawal after thawing risk, the construction risk of excavation in the freezing construction of contact channel. It is shown that the freezing construction risks of adjacent passages can be controlled in the medium risk level as taking reasonable measures in the design and construction, and this paper proposed corresponding preventive measures based on the freezing preparation stage, freezing operation, excavation, freezing equipment removal conditions.

Abstract: Urban underground pipelines are the important component of urban underground space. There is a universal pattern of urban underground pipeline informationization in China. In the early stages, the government invested on the general survey of underground pipeline resources, constructed database and information system. After that, due to a lack of specifications and standards for data, departmentalization of information resources and a low level dynamic update of information data, the database became worthless, the information system became invalid and the capital and resources were wasted. Tianjin is one of the quickest developing super cities in China. After four years of efforts, by learning the advanced experiences of underground pipeline information services at home and abroad, Tianjin pattern of underground pipelines information management based on the reality of Tianjin is put forward using top-layer design idea. Urban underground pipeline informationization in Tianjin is constructed using “government + enterprise + society” trinity centered management pattern. Under the situation of government zero investment, multiple projects are developed synchronally, the urban underground pipeline informationization is carried out comprehensively and chronically by collecting and arranging data, constructing database, providing and improving services.

A temporal GIS data model(i.e.TGIS)is built in this paper,which has been successfully applied in the first subsea tunnel in the mainland of China—the Xiamen Xiang an subsea tunnel.Firstly,a temporal database to operate the temporal data is raised,and the change of temporal attribute-level data is expressed.Secondly,we make many temporal-spatial queries using the database.Thirdly,by using the temporal GIS data model,the process of the construction progress data disposal and temporal GIS data modeling is expressed in detail. Finally, an application program of the project using 3D visualization technology validates the practicability of the model. The construction of the temporal GIS data model has significant meaning in the progress of the tunnel engineering and underground engineering.

The threaten acting on the underground is bigger than before as the bombing terrorist attacks raged higher. Features of explosive and standard of TNT equivalent weight can be given by compiling terror bombing attacks in the underground leverage on a global presence, and combining the characteristics of underground and scope out the security. Peak overpressure formula of computation of explosive blast and the air blast curve when the normal TNT surface bursting can be used to calculate the overpressure of explosive, further to estimate its kill capabilities and destructive power. The research results can be regarded as basis for making contingency plan so as to coping terror bombing attacks.

Applicative conditions and characteristics of the architectural and structural type of various mining stations are summarized through the analysis on architectural design principles of the mining subway stations and the domestic architectural and structural type actually adopted at present． At the same time，taking Xiaobei Station of Guangzhou Metro Line 5 as an engineering example，it focuses on the impact of mechanical and electrical systems of stations on civil engineering’s scale． And it also discusses how to achieve the purpose of reducing project scale and construction risk of mining stations and saving project cost by optimizing the layout of construction function and selecting a reasonable mechanical and electrical system under the condition，that the station functions are fulfilled． It can provide references for the design of subway stations under similar environmental condition in the future．

Underground space is an important part of city space. In recent years,under the guidance of our national policy"Integrating peacetime needs with wartime needs",more and more attentions are paid on the combination of civil air defense engineering and underground space development. This paper focuses on the underground space development of Lishui city.The feature of Lishui city and its current situation of underground space development are analyzed,and the resources of underground space are assessed,then the demand of underground space is forecasted.The development goals and strategies of underground space development are studied.The overall layout of underground space development and civil air defense construction system are formulated.Recent-term and Medium-term building plan and some policies and regulations are proposed.All of these can be referred by others cities when their underground space development is planned.

Abstract：The slice methods based on Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion did not consider the effect of intermediate principal stress on the slope stability, so the discrepancy between theoretical results and those from experimental data is produced. Based on the hypothesis of the Bishop slice methods, the safety coefficient from unified strength theory is determined. It is shown from the numerical results that intermediate principal stress greatly affects the stability of the soil slope, and the safety coefficient increases with an increasing in the influence coefficient b. The corresponding solutions can be rationally applied to analyze the soil slope stability. The bearing capacity of soil material can be improved, which is of important significance for actual engineering work.

In order to research the safety reliability of underwatertunnel subjected to the horizontal and vertical earthquake，Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua was used for seismic time history analysis and the large-scale geotechnical software FLAC3D was adopted for a shallow soft clay ground underwatertunnel’s numerical calculation．The results indicate that the tunnel residual horizontal displacement is 15．0 mm，and vertical displacement is 31．0mm，but it generates small relative horizontal and vertical displacement; the whole stress and internal force change a little，and the maximum stress amplitude is 5%; and the natural frequency of tunnel is 0． 65 Hz． Overall，the probability of shear，tensile and resonance failure of tunnel is small，and it is safty and reliability． This conclusion can be used for the design of the same type of tunnel．

This paper introduces the relationship between the underground parking，underground walking net and underground transportation hub in Montreal’s indoor city by field survey．Furthermore，the expansion process of the Palais des Congres’underground garages at the east axis of indoor city is described，and the cooperation among government，development organization and owners is presented． These experiences can be inspired to Shanghai’s underground garages development and popularization of“P + R”mode．

As a sophisticated tunnel lining type,the universal segments were applied widely in the construction of shield-driven tunnel.The composition and deviation correction of the universal segments are important subjects in the construction of shield-driven tunnel.The fitting of tunneling axial line and design axial one of shield tunnel is realized by election of suitable universal segments.The design composition module and the dynamic deviation correction module of the software adopted the least squares method and the exhaustion method respectively. Based on these optimization methods, the software realized the prime line - composition and dynamic deviation correction of universal segments for shield tunneling. The development of the software realized intellectualized composition and deviation correction of universal segments. The primary application of the software is in the through-river tunnel project on South Tibet Road in Shanghai city.

Triaxial creep test was carried out on greenschist specimens from auxiliary tunnel of Jinping II Hydropower Station. The test was carried out under the condition of step unloading lateral stress and constant axial stress. The test process is introduced and the axial and lateral creep properties of the greenschist are described. The influence of the axial and lateral creep properties of the greenschist are analyzed under different stresses. The results show that there are big difference between the axial and lateral orientation of the greenschist and the rheological characteristic of the lateral is more prominent than the axial. At last, in view of the project reality, rheological parameters of greenschist are ob tained by using of the Burgers model. The comparison between Burgers model and experimental curves for the Greenschist shows that Burgers model is applicable for determining the viscoelastic rheological parameters of the lateral layer. These parameters are helpful for Jinping II Hydropower Station.

According to the analysis of current transportation status in urban center area of China and the prediction of cont radictions to be faced in the future, the author considers that the underground roads will be a new method to resolve traffic problems in urban center area. In this paper, through the analysis of underground constructions in some urban centers of both China and foreign countries, The authors investigate and summarize the reasons of underground traffic system construction and suggest the development modes of urban underground transportation system in China in the future.

Current transit hubs undervalue the design of pedestrian system. This short-sighted vision made many traditional transit hubs outdated for their low efficiency, poor walking environment, cramp space. An overhaul to Jinan Railway Station underground complex aspires to vibrate the pedestrian system, expressing the spirit of efficiency and mobility. Key elements such as light and structure inside the complex are used to facilitate way-finding, making navigation intuitive and efficient. The spacious, open and highly functional architecture is organized by a clear section and plan. Multiple layers and clear layout animate the new hub, where commuters mix with park visitors, office workers, residents and shoppers.

Taking the Shangtian landslide on the Yalong River area for example，to use the Monte Carlo method with sampling the rock soil physico-mechanical parameters regarded as importing random samples，and safety factors regarded as exporting samples，a statistic of landslide reliability is carried out in Monte-Carlo way，the probability of stability，averages of safety factor，volumes of slop can be got ． We firstly use Bayes method based on statistical analysis of shear strength parameters c and  in sliding zone． In this way，the reliability of landslide control can be improved and optimization design will be realized，secondly the software @ risk，the Edit And Run program and GEOSLOP were used ． The computational results are more accurate than those by other ways，and easy to control ．

Abstract：The distance between the post-cast strips for temperature difference, which are installed for eliminating permanent expansion joint in structure, is usually adopted about 30 meters. In this paper, the distance between the post-cast strips was discussed. In the calculating method proposed, the influential factors such as the age of concrete, creep strain and the constraint of the reinforced bars were included. Furthermore, the emendations of the bottom plate dimension for the different scale of the length and the breadth was proposed. The allowable tensile stress was an index in the method. And a sample in Shanghai was given. In this sample, the calculating method and values of these parameters based on the engineering practice were given. And it was proved to be advisable to expand the distance between the post-cast strips under some constructive cases. All of these such as the calculating method, values of these parameters and the result of the sample work have some reference value to the engineering practice.

This paper presents a kind of ground improvement method，the impact roller method used in recent years． The basic principle，characteristics and application foreground of the method are introduced． Through an example of mountain area fill improved by impact roller，the pilot test’s purpose，procedure，points for attention are also introduced． In the trial of the fill improved by the impact roller，the thickness of original fill is 100 ～ 150 cm．The settlement of compaction is tested after the 12，16，20，24，28 impacts，respectively． And the ratio of the amount of compression to the total compression is calculated． The mountain area fill improved by impact roller，with the thickness of fill 1 to 1． 5 m，after 20 impacts，the amount of compression is 91． 8% of the total compression，and the degree of compaction can satisfy the design requirement． Through the test，it is shown that the mountain area fill improved by impact roller method is viable． It has the characteristic of quick construction and cost － effective，with vast foreground for its application．

It is discussed that the main adverse influence of groundwater on construction of underground engineering. The new method of concept design of dewatering in confined aquifers is proposed, which includes the modified formulas to determine the safe depth of confined water level from the ground-surface and rules of selection of dewatering plans. The suitable methods of dewatering design of confined aquifer are generalized and summarized for different hydrogeology conditions and features of dewatering engineering. A practical case shows that, a reasonable and practicable scheme can ensure the effects of dewatering of confined aquifers and control effectively the surrounding deformation due to pumping.

Professional FEM softwares are usually employed as calculating structure with segment joints of shield tunnel，the paper presents a model using general FEM software to calculate the structure，which simulates segment joints as common beam elements． The paper studied the key problem of the model which is to establish relationship between stiffness of any segment joint and parameters of beam element． For transversal segment joints，theoretical derivation and numerical calculation shows that Timoshenko beam can simulate rotational stiffness，axial stiffness and shear stiffness，and Euler-Bernoulli beam can simulate rotational stiffness and axial stiffness． For longitudinal joints，both Timoshenko beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam may be used，and parameters solution of Euler-Bernoulli beam is simplier． The model can be used to carry out main functions of professional softwares for shield tunnel，therefore，it is convenient and practical．

With the different parameters selection，Beta distributions can be transformed into various other distribution，ranging from simple distribution to complex distribution，from symmetrical distribution to asymmetrical distribution． So Beta distribution is a highly adaptable and recommended to fit for the types of random variables distribution in Geotechnical Engineering． The random weighting method is employed to determine the four parameters of Beta distribution，for it can more accurately estimate these four parameters，the random weighting method not only solves the cumbersome iterative process of the traditional algorithm， but also avoids the non － convergence phenomenon in the process of iteration． It is shown that the accuracy of random weighting method can meet the engineering needs，which possesses important practical significance for the project．

With the continuous improvement of the economy level, the family car ownership is rapid growing in small and mid-sized cities, which brings about a series of traffic problems. Underpass is an effective measure to the separation of people and vehicles, ensure of traffic safety and increasing road traffic. The underpass planning of the city lishui was studied as a case of the underpass demand forecasting. Based on urban transport planning, expert evaluation and public survey data, this paper educes the underpass demand forecasting by correlation coefficient method, which provides a basis for lishui city underpass planning. Furthermore , the method of this paper can be refered underpass planning in small and mid-sized cities.

Recently，lots of shield tunnel will run through the dense buildings, protected buildings and area sensible to subsidence, and subsidence predication and control become a serious problem have to face. There are several factors influenced the subsidence and the main driving factor is deformation caused by strata loss. The research development of shield tunnel subsidence based on strata loss in domestic and abroad are presented with the system of “experience-mathematical method ”and “physical-mechanical method”. The deficiencies of current research are discussed, and a new concept is established and conceptual model based on subsidence control, which will provide a bridge between subsidence and strata loss together with strata loss and operation parameters.