In ultra-deep drilling, stick-slip vibration reduces tool life and drilling efficiency, with dynamic load characteristics generated by discontinuous cutting in the tooth-rock contact zone being a key contributing factor. To address this, this study proposes two quantitative indicators: cutting force fluctuation amplitude (CFFA) and torque amplitude (TA). Experiments were conducted on PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) tooth scraping and micro-bit-drill string stick-slip vibration. The results show that: CFFA is primarily governed by depth of cut (DOC) and rock properties, increasing with rock strength and DOC. When DOC increased from 1 mm to 1.5 mm in sandstone and from 0.15 mm to 0.3 mm in limestone, the sequential growth rates of CFFA reached 67.96% and 150.92%, respectively. Variations in rock-breaking volume revealed overall positive correlations among CFFA, TA, and Stick-Slip Vibration Intensity (SSVI) of the bit-drill string coupled system. When the weight on bit (WOB) in sandstone increased to 3 000 N, TA and SSVI rose to 1.78 and 1.42 times their initial values. The experiments verified the generation mechanism of these characteristics and their vibration-inducing principles, elucidating the influence of the law of drilling parameters on system stick-slip vibration. These findings provide technical support for parameter optimization in ultra-deep well drilling.
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