Mechanism Research of Tunnels Water Inrush in Karst Fracture Development Zone Based on DDARF

  • Jin Lu ,
  • Zheng Fei ,
  • Deng Qinglong ,
  • Jiao Yuyong
Expand
  • Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, RP. China

Received date: 2025-03-15

  Online published: 2026-03-03

Abstract

The stress response and failure process of fractured rock mass in the karst development zone are more complex under the coupling effect of stress field and seepage field. The discontinuous numerical model considering hydraulics-mechanics coupling process is an important method to study the mechanism of tunnels water inrush. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), based on rigorous contact description and convergence analysis, can account for the influence of intersecting cracks and the failure process caused by potential large deformations. On the basis of the original DDA method, a rock failure model was developed to analyze the seepage field and crack evolution in fractured rock mass by adding a fracture flow module and an excavation process simulation module. By simulating hydraulic fracturing experiments, the process of crack propagation in rock mass under hydraulics-mechanics coupling was analyzed, the validity of the seepage model was confirmed, and this model was applied to simulate the process of water inrush in tunnels under the effect of hidden karst caves. The influence of geo-stress level and relative position of karst caves on the propagation path and types of fractures, as well as the possibility of water inrush disasters was analyzed. The focus of preventing water inrush disasters in engineering activities was proposed, and the suggestions for safe tunnel construction were provided.

Cite this article

Jin Lu , Zheng Fei , Deng Qinglong , Jiao Yuyong . Mechanism Research of Tunnels Water Inrush in Karst Fracture Development Zone Based on DDARF[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2026 , 22(1) : 367 -376 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.01.38

References

[1] 石少帅. 深长隧道充填型致灾构造渗透失稳突涌水机理与风险控制及工程应用[D].山东:山东大学, 2014. (Shi Shaoshuai. Study on seepage failure mechanism and risk control of water inrush induced by filled disaster structure in deep-long tunnel and engineering application[D]. Shandong: Shandong University, 2014. (in Chinese))
[2] 林志斌, 李亚豪, 林培忠, 等. 损伤-渗流耦合作用下上覆溶洞隧道突水灾变规律研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025,44(2):154-163. (Lin Zhibin, Li Yahao, Lin Peizhong, et al. Study on the law of water inrush disaster in overlying karst tunnel under damage-seepage coupling[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science), 2025,44(2):154-163. (in Chinese))
[3] 邬忠虎,崔恒涛,宋怀雷,等.动力扰动下岩溶隧道突涌水渗流—应力—损伤试验研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(5): 2093-2099. (Wu Zhonghu, Cui Hengtao, Song Huailei, et al. Experimental Study on Seepage-Stress-Damage of Karst Tunnel Gushing Water under Dynamic Disturbance[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(5): 2093-2099. (in Chinese))
[4] 舒宗运, 彭丁茂, 刘骏, 等.隧道穿越溶洞及断层突水机理与防控对策研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2022, 18(增2): 993-1000. (Su Zongyun, Peng Dingmao, Liu Jun, et al. Study on Water Inrush Mechanism and Prevention and Treatment Measures of Tunnel Crossing Karst Area and Fault Zone[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2022, 18(Supp.2): 993-1000. (in Chinese))
[5] 徐淑亮.考虑流固耦合的香炉山隧道围岩稳定性分析[J]. 力学与实践,2024,46(1):55-63. (Xu Shuliang. Stability Analysis of Xianglushan Tunnelsurrounding Rock in Consideration of Fluid-structure Coupling[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2024,46(1):55-63. (in Chinese))
[6] 李术才, 许振浩, 黄鑫, 等.隧道突水突泥致灾构造分类、地质判识、孕灾模式与典型案例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(5): 1041-1069. (Li Shucai, Xu Zhenhao, Huang Xin, et al. Classification, geological identification, hazard mode and typical case studies of hazard-causing structures for water and mud inrush in tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2018, 37(5): 1041-1069. (in Chinese))
[7] 张为社. 岩溶地区深长隧洞突水机理研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学, 2022.(Zhang Weishe. Study on the Water Inrush Mechanism of Deep and Long Tunnel in Karst Areas[D]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences, 2022. (in Chinese))
[8] Guo L, Fahs M,Koohbor B, et al. Coupling mixed hybrid and extended finite element methods for the simulation of hydro-mechanical processes in fractured porous media[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2023, 161:105575.
[9] Ni X D, Zhu C M, Wang Y. Hydro-Mechanical Analysis of Hydraulic Fracturing Based on an Improved DEM-CFD Coupling Model at Micro-Level[J]. Journal of Computational & Theoretical Nanoscience 2015,12(9):2691-2700.
[10] Yan C Z, Guo H, Tang Z C. Three-dimensional continuous-discrete pore-fracture mixed seepage model and hydro-mechanical coupling model to simulate hydraulic fracturing[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022,215: 110510.
[11] Li G, Wang K, Tang C A, et al. An NMM-based fluid-solid coupling model for simulating rock hydraulic fracturing process[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2020, 235: 107193.
[12] Li T J, Li L C, Tang C A, et al. A coupled hydraulic-mechanical-damage geotechnical model for simulation of fracture propagation in geological media during hydraulic fracturing[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2019, 173: 1390-1416.
[13] 郑飞, 邓庆龙, 李芷, 等.分段粘结非连续变形分析方法及其在砂岩破裂分析中的应用[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(9): 3372-3383. (Zheng Fei, Deng Qinglong, Li Zhi, et al. Segmented-bond based discontinuous deformation analysis method and its application in sandstone rupture[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(9): 3372-3383. (in Chinese))
[14] 郑春梅. 基于DDA的裂隙岩体水力耦合研究[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2010. (Zheng Chunmei. Study on Hydro-mechanical Coupling of Fractured Rock Mass Based on DDA[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2005. (in Chinese))
[15] Xu T, Xu Q, Tang C A, et al. The evolution of rock failure with discontinuities due to shear creep[J]. ActaGeotechnica, 2013, 8(6): 567-581.
[16] Ke T C. Simulated testing of two dimensional heterogeneous and discontinuous rock masses using discontinuous deformation analysis[D]. Berkeley: University of California, 1993.
[17] 焦玉勇, 张秀丽, 刘泉声, 等.用非连续变形分析方法模拟岩石裂纹扩展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2007(4): 682-691. (Jiao Yuyong, Zhang Xiuli, Liu Qunasheng, et al. Simulation of rock crack propagation using discontinuous deformation analysis method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007(4): 682-691. (in Chinese))
[18] Zhang X L, Jiao Y Y, Zhao J. Simulation of failure process of jointed rock[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2008, 15(6):888-894.
[19] Zheng F,Jiao Y Y, Gardner M, et al. A fast direct search algorithm for contact detection of convex polygonal or polyhedral particles[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2017,87: 76-85.
[20] 王占学, 杨军, 倪克松, 等.基于CUDA的JPCG并行算法求解三维DDA方程组[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2020,39(6):1231-1241. (Wang Zhanxue, Yang Jun, Ni Kesong, et al. CUDA-based JPCG parallel solution algorithm for 3D-DDA global equations[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2020,39(6):1231-1241. (in Chinese))
[21] 范宏运.隧道围岩垮塌非连续变形分析方法及灾变演化模拟研究[D].济南: 山东大学, 2023.(Fan Hongyun. Discontinuous deformation analysis method for tunnel surrounding rock collapse and simulation of disaster evolution[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2023. (in Chinese))
[22] 王华俊, 马永政, 卿贵,等. 在役边坡耐久性弱化及整体稳定性影响分析[J]. 长江科学院院报,2024,41(6):114-121,163. (Wang Huajun, Ma Yongzheng, Qing Gui, et al. Study on the weakening of durability and overall stability of an in-service slope[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2024,41(6):114-121,163. (in Chinese))
[23] 杜鑫, 甯尤军, 杨军.地下层状岩体爆破的DDA方法模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2023, 19(3): 955-961. (Du Xin, Ning Youjun, Yang Jun. Simulation of underground layered rock blasting by the DDA method[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2023, 19(3): 955-961. (in Chinese))
[24] Jiao Y, Zhang H, Tang H, et al. Simulating the process of reservoir-impoundment-induced landslide using the extended DDA method[J]. Engineering Geology, 2014, 182: 37-48.
[25] Chen G Q, Gao J Y, Peng X Y, et al. Application of DDA coupling simulations in the evolution of water inrush disaster[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2023,57(1):757-764.
[26] Gao J Y, Peng S Y, Chen G Q. at al. Coupled hydro-mechanical analysis for water inrush of fractured rock masses using the discontinuous deformation analysis[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2023,156: 105247.
[27] Wu Y S,Haukwa C, Bodvarsson G S. A site-scale model for fluid and heat flow in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1999, 38(1/3):185-215.
[28] Wu Y S. Numerical simulation of single-phase and multiphase non-Darcy flow in porous and fractured reservoirs[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 2002, 49(2):209-240.
[29] 邵玉龙,姚池,漆宾宾,等.三维复杂裂隙岩体渗流传热耦合的数值研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2021,17(4):1063-1071.(Shao Yulong,Yao Chi,Qi Binbin,et al.Numerical study on coupling of seepage and heat transfer in 3D complex fractured rock masses [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2021,17(4):1063-1071.(in Chinese))
[30] 李徽,吉小明,周朋庆.基于有限体积法的动水砂层注浆扩散特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2022,18(增2):619-626.(Li Hui,Ji Xiaoming, Zhou Pengqing.Study on the diffusion characteristics of grouting in dynamic water sand stratum based on finite volume method[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2022,18(Supp.2):619-626.(in Chinese))
[31] Barenblatt G I, Zheltov I P, Kochina I N. Basic concept in the theory of homogeneous liquids in fissured rocks[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 1960, 24(5):1286-1303.
[32] Dverstorp B, Andersson J, Nordqvist W. Discrete fracture network interpretation of field tracer migration in sparsely fractured rock[J]. Water Resources Research, 1992, 28(9): 2327-2343.
[33] Jiao Y Y, Zhang H Q, Zhang X L, et al. A two-dimensional coupled hydromechanical discontinuum model for simulating rock hydraulic fracturing[J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2015, 39(5):457-481.
[34] 张群.岩溶隧道防突结构安全厚度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2020. (Zhang Qun. Research on safety thickness of waterproof-resistant slab of karst tunnels[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2020. (in Chinese))
Outlines

/