Large-diameter concrete pipe jacking faces issues of brittleness, susceptibility to cracking, and difficulties in transportation and hoisting. The emergence of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) offers a new possibility for addressing the above problems. However, the related research is scarce, and the engineering applications are still challenging. Based on the research results of high-performance concrete at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the design method of HPFRC pipe jacking reinforcement, and studies the bearing capacity and reinforcement method of HPFRC pipe jacking based on three-point loading full-scale test. The research shows that the effect of steel fiber should be considered in the reinforcement design of HPFRC jacking pipe, and the influence of concrete tensile zone should not be ignored. Compared with C50 concrete pipe jacking, HPFRC pipe jacking can effectively reduce the wall thickness and reinforcement amount of concrete, and the reinforcement amount is basically controlled by the minimum reinforcement ratio. In the full-scale test, HPFRC jacking pipes exhibited excellent crack resistance, and their load-displacement curves demonstrated strain-hardening behavior, indicating superior ductility. The outer diameter of the test pipe section is 2.86 m, and the wall thickness is only 180 mm. Compared with the wall thickness and reinforcement of the C50 concrete jacking pipe, the wall thickness and reinforcement are reduced by more than 20%, reaching the level of Class III pipe.