The application of concrete rebound inhibitors is of great significance for enhancing the construction efficiency of on-site sprayed concrete and reducing the consumption of concrete. This study employed a combination of laboratory and field tests to investigate the effects of a new nano-scale rebound inhibitor on shotcrete. The research focused on how the admixture influences the mechanical properties and rebound rate of the concrete. The research results indicate that the addition of the new nano-scale rebound inhibitor slightly reduces the flowability of wet sprayed concrete. The consistency of the sprayed concrete mortar after adding the inhibitor increases by 11.4%, while the expansion degree decreases by 6.7%. In the indoor mortar test, the compressive strengths of the specimens measured at 1d, 3d, 7d, and 14d increase by 19.5%, 31.5%, 17.1%, and 19.6%, respectively, compared to those without the addition of the inhibitor. However, the compressive strength of the concrete without the addition of the accelerator is less affected by the rebound inhibitor. In the on-site rebound rate test, the rebound inhibitor can reduce the on-site construction rebound by approximately 42%. The addition of the rebound inhibitor on the construction site shows a significant difference in the number of dust particles. With the increase in the distance from the tunnel face, the experimental group is 39.1%, 40.7%, 44.6%, 50.9%, 52.4%, and 45.9% smaller than the control group, respectively.