Tunnel TBM construction has the characteristics of high efficiency and green, but there is still a problem of poor adaptability to adverse engineering geological conditions. In order to avoid blind excavation of TBM due to unclear adverse geological conditions beforehand, the implementation and innovation of geological prediction technology during the construction period are particularly crucial. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of TBM construction and the difficulties of geological prediction technology, the article focuses on the selection of prediction technology for seismic wave method field source types and excitation forms, loading mode of prediction equipment, prediction length and timeliness of results, and conducts in-depth research on the real-time geological prediction technology of TBM rock breaking source HSP method. By installing HSP prediction equipment on TBM, the automatic collection of rock breaking vibration information, intelligent data processing, intelligent identification of anomalies, and real-time interpretation of results are achieved, which improves the applicability of geological prediction technology scenarios, portability of on-site testing, and real-time achievement acquisition under TBM construction method; Propose a data processing technique based on multiple interactive iterations of forecast results to reduce false anomalies and improve accuracy. And based on the engineering applications of Xianglushan TBM tunnel for water diversion in central Yunnan, Daliangshan TBM tunnel for Lexi Expressway, and TBM tunnel for plateau railway, the detection effect of HSP real-time prediction technology on adverse geological bodies such as fault fracture zones and water rich structural zones was verified, which played a certain role in promoting efficient TBM construction and provided reference for geological prediction work in similar TBM construction tunnels.