According to the treatment plan for the mobile deformation zone of a certain copper mine, for the upper part of the ore layer moraine cover fine particles transport characteristics of the problem, the use of three-dimensional physical simulation experiment method, simulation of a copper mine block caving method of mining ore release process.By quantitatively analyzing the change in fine particle content and observing the experimental phenomena, the influence of different compactness of the overlying moraine debris layer on the transport characteristics of fine particles during the ore release process was compared and analyzed. The research results show that: as the density of the moraine cover increases, the inhibition effect on the fine particle flow-through effect is shown as 0.93 > 0.85 > 0.77 for density; When the density of the cover layer is small, with the accumulation of the quality of the ore release, the upper part of the outlet will appear “V”-shaped collapsed funnel shape,while when the compactness is high, the overlying layer exhibits an overall downward movement during the mining operation; increasing the compactness of the overlying moraine debris layer can effectively reduce mineral impoverishment. The above results show that improving the density of the upper moraine cover of the ore layer can effectively inhibit the penetration of fine particles and reduce the depletion rate of the ore, which provides a new method and idea for the management of the surface collapse area in the mining area.