In order to explore the temperature effect response law of the mechanical behavior of the supporting structure during the excavation of large foundation pits, the ABAQUS three-dimensional modified Cambridge model of the sinking tunnel section of Shenzhen Binhai Avenue was established. The temperature effect response characteristics of the internal force of the foundation pit support and the deformation of the retaining structure and their response differences in different temperature paths were studied under the conditions of heating and cooling. The results show that compared with the initial state, when the ambient temperature increases, the stress of the foundation pit support structure increases, the lateral displacement of the retaining structure decreases, the surface settlement outside the pit decreases, and the axial force of the retaining structure decreases. The response of the axial force of the support structure to the temperature change is particularly obvious. When the temperature decreases, the response law of the foundation pit supporting structure is opposite to that of the heating condition. Compared with the heating condition, the temperature effect response of the mechanical behavior of the foundation pit support structure under the cooling condition is stronger, so the adverse effect on the foundation pit structure is more significant. Compared with the initial temperature condition, the maximum growth rate of the horizontal displacement of the retaining structure can exceed 30% when the temperature is reduced by 20 ℃.Therefore, the temperature effect of the supporting structure should be taken into account in the design and construction process of the deep and large foundation pit engineering with large environmental temperature changes in the field area, and the cooling condition should be considered emphatically.