In the construction of the shield contact channel, the structural form change, the top thrust of the shield machine and the internal support are the key factors affecting the force and deformation of the tunnel. To explore the influence of the construction of the contact channel on the lining structure of the tunnel at the beginning, this paper relies on a shield contact channel project in Tianjin to conduct the finite element analysis of the construction process of the shield contact channel. The construction process is divided into initial, pre-support, cutting, breaking, and disconnecting brace five stages for calculation, summed up the starting process in each stage of structural stress and internal force, tunnel deformation, bolt internal force change law. The calculation results show that: (1) after the completion of construction, the internal force of the structure is increased compared with before, but it is still within the safe range; (2) The stress and deformation of the structure change the most during the dismantling stage, and the internal support plays a role in maintaining the safety of the structure during construction; (3) After the hole broken, the internal force redistribution of the lining ring around the hole is obvious, mainly manifested in that the axial force and bending moment of the side of the opening hole of the lining ring increase, and the internal force change of the segment closer to the hole is greater; (4) After the hole broken, the shear force of the ring bolt is increased to 450 kN, and the integrity of the special segment structure can be increased in the construction to reduce the internal force of the bolt.