设计、施工、监测

深埋硬岩隧道TBM施工声发射参数监测规律研究

  • 张延杰 ,
  • 张如九 ,
  • 赵天 ,
  • 刘耀儒 ,
  • 欧阳林
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  • 1.云南省滇中引水工程有限公司,昆明 650000;
    2.清华大学 水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京 100084;
    3.中国矿业大学(北京) 隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室,北京 100083;
    4.云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局,昆明 650051
张延杰(1989—),男,山东菏泽人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事岩土工程与隧道理论及施工方面研究工作。E-mail: yanjie_tm@163.com
刘耀儒(1974—),男,河北保定人,博士,教授,主要从事岩石力学、水工结构等方面的研究和教学工作。E-mail: liuyaoru@tsinghua.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-11-19

  网络出版日期: 2026-09-07

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52179105);清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室科研课题资助(sk1hse-TD-2026-D0102, sk1hse-TD-2025-D01);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202102AF080001)

Research on the Monitoring Law of Acoustic Emission Parameters during TBM Construction of Deep Hard Rock Tunnel

  • Zhang Yanjie ,
  • Zhang Rujiu ,
  • Zhao Tian ,
  • Liu Yaoru ,
  • Ouyang Lin
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  • 1. Yunnan Dianzhong Water Diversion Engineering Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, P.R. China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China;
    3. State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R. China;
    4. Yunnan Water Diversion Project Construction Administration, Kunming 650051, P.R. China

Received date: 2025-11-19

  Online published: 2026-09-07

摘要

开展深埋硬岩隧道现场监测有助于了解岩爆灾变特性并及时预警。以某深埋TBM隧道为依托,开展了现场声发射监测,对比探究了不同传感器安装方式下(钻孔、洞壁、注浆锚杆、锁脚锚杆、钢筋排)TBM施工期不同信号来源(岩爆、TBM振动、刀盘破岩、锚杆钻机钻孔)的声发射波形及参数特征。结果表明:岩爆破坏信号持时短,瞬时能量高但总能量低于机械噪声,主频较高(几十kHz);机械噪声信号持时极长,振铃计数及绝对能量较大,其中刀盘破岩及钻机钻孔为低频信号,主频仅几kHz,而TBM振动信号局部高频分量>120 kHz;岩爆发生前10 min振铃计数、能率缓慢增加,临近岩爆时出现短暂平静期,岩爆时刻振铃计数、能率陡增并达到峰值,出现各频段信号且10 kHz以下低频信号大量出现,声发射b值显著下降至1.5左右;不同安装方式下声发射振铃计数及能量受TBM掘进期间噪声影响程度依次为钢筋排>锚杆>洞壁>孔内,而主频特征与之相反;声发射技术在TBM停机期间的岩爆监测中展现出潜在的技术可行性,若不具备钻孔条件、或更关注声发射参数时序特征时,可优先在注浆锚杆、锁脚锚杆等锚固结构上安装传感器开展监测,以发挥波导杆的信号放大作用。研究成果可为同类深埋TBM隧道声发射监测及结果分析提供参考。

本文引用格式

张延杰 , 张如九 , 赵天 , 刘耀儒 , 欧阳林 . 深埋硬岩隧道TBM施工声发射参数监测规律研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2026 , 22(4) : 1428 -1439 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.04.31

Abstract

On-site monitoring of deep hard rock tunnels can help understand the rockburst characteristics and provide timely warnings. Based on a deep-buried tunnel excavated by TBM, on-site acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was carried out to explore the AE waveforms and parameter characteristics of different sources (rockburst, TBM vibration, rock breaking of cutterhead, rock drilling of anchor drilling machine, etc.) under different AE sensor installation methods (drilling, tunnel wall, grouting anchors, foot anchors, steel bars). The results show that rockburst AE signals are characterized by short duration, high instantaneous energy (though lower total absolute energy than mechanical noise), and a relatively high peak frequency (several tens of kHz). The TBM vibration and excavation signals and rock drilling signals have extremely long duration, extremely high ringing count and absolute energy greater than that of rockburst signals. The rock-breaking signals from the cutterhead and anchor drilling machine are low-frequency signals with a peak frequency of only a few kHz, while the TBM vibration signals have the highest peak frequency (>120 kHz). The ringing count and energy rate slowly increase 10 minutes before rockburst, and there is a short quiet period when approaching rockburst. At the moment of rockburst, the ringing count and energy rate suddenly increase and reach their peak, and various frequency band signals appear, with a large number of low-frequency signals below 10 kHz. The AE b value significantly decreases to around 1.5. The influencing degree of TBM excavation noise on the AE ringing count and energy under different installation methods is in the order of steel bars>anchor rods>tunnel walls>inside the drilling hole, while the peak frequency characteristics are the opposite. AE technology is mainly suitable for rockburst monitoring during TBM shutdown. If drilling conditions cannot be met or more attention is paid to the temporal characteristics of AE parameters, AE sensors can be installed on anchoring structures such as grouting anchors and foot anchors (waveguide rods) to monitor and amplify AE signals. The research results in this study can provide a reference for AE monitoring methods and result analysis of similar deep-buried tunnels excavated by TBM.

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