理论与试验研究

大变形隧道围岩支护锚索预应力损失试验

  • 田新
展开
  • 中铁十五局集团第二工程有限公司,上海 201714
田新(1981—),男,陕西富平人,高级工程师,主要从事工程施工管理工作。E-mail:82415591@qq.com

收稿日期: 2025-10-13

  网络出版日期: 2026-09-07

Anchor Cable Prestress Loss Tests for Surrounding Rock Support in Large Deformation Tunnel

  • Tian Xin
Expand
  • China Railway 15th Bureau Group 2nd Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201714, P.R. China

Received date: 2025-10-13

  Online published: 2026-09-07

摘要

大变形隧道预应力锚索支护近年来受到高度重视,针对隧道围岩支护锚索预应力损失问题,通过现场试验,结合理论分析,揭示了隧道围岩支护锚索预应力损失机理,重点分析了锚索的锁定损失和协调变形损失。结果表明:锚索在张拉及锁定过程中的锁定损失主要受到张拉设备及工艺、锚口摩阻、锚具损失以及锚固系统回缩4个因素的影响;锚索锁定后,围岩和锚固结构受到锚索预应力后而不断发生协调变形直至稳定,协调变形包括内锚固段协调变形、外锚头协调变形以及群锚效应下的协调变形3种情况。提出了大变形隧道围岩支护锚索锚固系统设计、工程施工建议,可为预应力锚索结构在类似工程结构中的应用提供参考。

本文引用格式

田新 . 大变形隧道围岩支护锚索预应力损失试验[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2026 , 22(4) : 1296 -1303 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.04.18

Abstract

The prestress anchor cable support in large deformation tunnel has received great attention in recent years. For the problem of prestress loss of anchor cable in tunnel surrounding rock support, the mechanism of prestress loss of anchor cable in tunnel surrounding rock support and the influencing factors were revealed through field test and theoretical analysis. The results show that the locking loss during tensioning and locking was mainly affected by four factors: tensioning equipment and process, anchorage friction, anchorage loss and anchorage system retraction; after the anchor cable is locked, the surrounding rock and anchorage structure are continuously deformed by the anchor cable prestress until stability, and the coordinated deformation includes the coordinated deformation of the inner anchorage section, the coordinated deformation of the outer anchor head and the coordinated deformation of the group anchor head. The design of anchor cable anchorage system for supporting the surrounding rock of large deformation tunnels and engineering construction suggestions are proposed to provide reference for the future application of prestressed anchor cable structure in similar engineering structures.

参考文献

[1] 于家武, 郭新新. 木寨岭公路隧道复合型大变形控制技术与实践[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2021,41(9):1565-1576.(Yu Jiawu, Guo Xinxin. Composite large deformation control technology and practice in Muzhailing highway tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction (in English and Chinese), 2021,41(9):1565-1576. (in Chinese))
[2] 于家武, 龙文华, 郭新新, 等. 预应力锚索支护技术在高地应力大跨径隧道挑顶施工中的应用—以渭武高速公路木寨岭隧道为例[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2021,41(8):1392-1398.(Yu Jiawu, Long Wenhua, Guo Xinxin, et al. Application of prestressed anchor cable support technology in the construction of high-ground stress large-span tunnel roofing - an example of the Weimu Expressway Muzhailing Tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction (in English and Chinese), 2021,41(8):1392-1398. (in Chinese))
[3] 汪波, 王振宇, 郭新新, 等. 软岩隧道中基于快速预应力锚固支护的变形控制技术[J]. 中国公路学报, 2021,34(3):171-182.(Wang Bo, Wang Zhenyu, Guo Xinxin, et al. Deformation control technology based on rapid prestressing anchorage support in soft rock tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Highways, 2021,34(3):171-182. (in Chinese))
[4] 曹海静, 王仁杰, 刘志强, 等. 挤压性围岩大跨隧道预应力锚索施作时机研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2019,56(S1):94-101.(Cao Haijing, Wang Renjie, Liu Zhiqiang, et al. Study on the timing of pre-stressing anchor cable application in large-span tunnels with extrusive surrounding rocks [J]. Modern Tunnel Technology, 2019,56(S1):94-101. (in Chinese))
[5] 罗基伟, 张顶立, 房倩, 等. 超大跨度隧道预应力锚杆—锚索协同支护机理[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2020,41(5):71-82.(Luo Jiwei, Zhang Dingli, Fang Qian, et al. Mechanism of prestressed anchor rod-anchor cable synergistic support in super-large span tunnels[J]. China Railway Science, 2020,41(5):71-82. (in Chinese))
[6] 段淑倩,孙远达,熊杰程,等.高地应力判据及其影响因素研究综述[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2023, 19 (3): 1038-1050.(Duan Shuqian, Sun Yuanda, Xiong Jicheng, et al. A review of research on the criteria of high geostress and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2023, 19 (3): 1038-1050. (in Chinese))
[7] 刘小俊.高地应力千枚岩隧道支护体系试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2021, 17 (5): 1472-1478, 1528. (Liu Xiaojun. Experimental research on the support system of high geostress phyllite tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2021, 17 (5): 1472-1478, 1528. (in Chinese))
[8] 张石磊,朱赵辉,段杭,等.高应力地下洞室顶拱深部变形及受力特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2022, 18 (1): 341-350. (Zhang Shilei, Zhu Zhaohui, Duan Hang, et al. Research on deep deformation characteristics of roof arch and loading variation of unboned pre-stressed cable at large underground cavern with high geostress[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2022, 18 (1): 341-350. (in Chinese))
[9] 李涛,陈宏斌,王永刚,等.侧压力系数对高地应力隧道系统锚杆影响分析[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2020, 16 (S1): 437-441.(Li Tao, Chen Hongbin, Wang Yonggang, et al. Analysis of the influence of lateral pressure coefficient on the bolt in the tunnel system with high ground stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2020, 16 (S1): 437-441. (in Chinese))
[10] 宋洋,李永启.锚杆松弛与岩体蠕变耦合预应力损失模型研究[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2020, 16 (增1): 437-441.(Song Yang,Li Yongqi. Study on the model of prestress loss couples with cable relaxation and rock creep[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2020, 16 (Supp.1): 437-441. (in Chinese))
[11] 袁坤,张玉芳.双锚固段新型锚索锚固机理数值分析及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2020, 16 (1): 201-210, 273.(Yuan Kun,Zhang Yufang. Numerical analysis and application on anchorage mechanism of new pressure-type anchor cable with double anchoring[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2020, 16 (1): 201-210, 273. (in Chinese))
[12] 朱晗迓,孙红月,汪会帮,等.边坡加固锚索预应力变化规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004(16):2756-2760.(Zhu Hanya, Sun Hongyue, Wang Huibang, et al. Analysis of prestress variation law of slope reinforcement anchor cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004 (16):2756-2760. (in Chinese))
[13] 刘波, 张功, 周浩亮, 等. 饱和粉细砂层锚索预应力变化规律监测分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2014,35(S1):347-352.(Liu Bo, Zhang Gong, Zhou Haoliang, et al. Monitoring and analysis of anchor cable pre-stress variation law in saturated fine sand layer[J]. Geotechnics, 2014, 35 (S1) :347-352. (in Chinese))
[14] 刘新荣, 刘永权, 康景文, 等. 基坑锚索预应力损失规律及分步张拉控制措施研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015,37(10):1794-1801.(Liu Xinrong, Liu Yongquan, Kang Jingwen, et al. Research on the loss law of anchor cable prestress and stepwise tensioning control measures in foundation pits[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015,37(10):1794-1801. (in Chinese))
[15] Kim N. Performance of Tension and Compression Anchors in Weathered Soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2003,129(12):1138-1150.
[16] 李厚恩, 秦四清, 孙强. 基坑支护锚杆预应力损失探讨及预测分析[J]. 工程勘察, 2007(4):4.(Li Houen, Qin Siqing, Sun Qiang. Exploration and prediction of pre-stress loss of anchor rods for foundation pit support [J]. Engineering Investigation, 2007(4):4. (in Chinese))
[17] Long Y, Liu J, Kong X J, et al. Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of the Keying of Vertically Installed Plate Anchors in Clay[J]. Computers & Geotechnics, 2009,36(4):558-567.
[18] 张金龙, 徐卫亚, 徐飞, 等. 深卸荷变形拉裂岩体锚索预应力损失规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2009,28(增2):3965-3970.(Zhang Jinlong, Xu Weiya, Xu Fei, et al. Study on the loss of prestress in anchor cables of rock fractured by deep unloading and deformation[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(Supp.2): 3965-3970. (in Chinese))
[19] 马玥, 胡正伟, 王占飞, 等. 减少预应力混凝土结构预应力损失方法的探讨[J]. 北方交通, 2015(12):1-4.(Ma Yue, Hu Zhengwei, Wang Zhanfei, et al. Exploration of methods to reduce prestress loss in prestressed concrete structures[J]. North China Transportation, 2015(12):1-4. (in Chinese))
[20] 陶志刚,杜志锋,刘凇源等.NPR锚索支护下相交隧道围岩变形规律及破坏机理[J/OL].煤炭学报,1-13[2023-04-24].(Tao Zhigang, Du Zhifeng, Liu Songyuan, et al.Deformation law and failure mechanism of surrounding rock of intersecting tunnel under NPR anchor cable support[J/OL].Journal of China Coal Society, 1-13 [2023-04-24]. (in Chinese))
[21] 李英勇,王梦恕,张顶立,等.锚索预应力变化影响因素及模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008(S1):3140-3146.(Li Yingyong, Wang Mengshu, Zang Dingli, et al.Influencing factors and model study of anchor cable prestress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2008(Supp.1):3140-3146. (in Chinese))
[22] Jia Y,ZhuY Q; Jia C.Dynamic Model Test on Anchoring Effect of Prestressed Anchor Cables[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31:350-358.
[23] Yu Y,Liu X R,Liu Y Q. Field experimental investigation on prestress loss law of anchor cable in foundation pits[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(5):1932-1939.
[24] 彭传阳,陈强,方宗平,等.不同锚具锚固效果及最佳限位距离研究[J].隧道建设(中英文),2022,42(10):1772-1779.(Peng Chuanyang, Chen Qiang, Fang Zongping, et al. Study on anchoring effect and optimal limit distance of different anchors[J].Tunnel Construction(Chinese and English),2022,42(10):1772-1779. (in Chinese))
[25] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 岩土锚杆与喷射混凝土支护工程技术规范(GB 50086-2015)[S].北京:中国计划出版社出版,2015.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Technical specification for geotechnical anchor and shotcrete support engineering (GB 50086-2015)[S]. Beijing: published by China Planning Press, 2015. (in Chinese))
[26] 朱汉华,周小涵,王,等.隧道围岩与支护结构变形协调控制机理及工程应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2023,19(1):79-86, 94.(Zhu Hanhua, Zhou Xiaohan, Wang Yan, et al. Coordinated control mechanism and engineering application of tunnel envelope and support structure deformation[J]. Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2023,19(1): 79-86, 94. (in Chinese))
文章导航

/

〈 〉