真三轴应力状态下冻结钙质黏土加卸载试验研究

常磊; 荣传新; 程桦; 蔡海兵; 曹祎

doi:10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.03.08

地下空间与工程学报 >

2026 , Vol. 22 >Issue 3: 822 - 836

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.03.08

理论与试验研究

真三轴应力状态下冻结钙质黏土加卸载试验研究

常磊 ,
荣传新 ,
程桦 ,
蔡海兵 ,
曹祎

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1.安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南 232001;
2.安徽建筑大学建筑结构与地下工程安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230601;
3.中国矿业大学深地工程智能建造与健康运维全国重点实验室,江苏徐州 221116

常磊(2001—),男,安徽淮南人,硕士生,主要从事冻土力学及人工地层冻结理论与应用方向的研究。E-mail:cl202860054@163.com

荣传新(1968—),男,安徽六安人,博士,教授、博士生导师,主要从事岩土工程、地下结构工程等领域的教学与研究工作。E-mail:chxrong@aust.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2026-01-15

网络出版日期: 2026-06-23

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(51878005,51374010);安徽省自然科学基金(2408085ME147);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划资助(KYCX24-2818);安徽理工大学研究生创新基金(2024cx2020)

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Experimental Investigation of Loading and Unloading of Frozen Calcareous Clay under True Triaxial Stress State

Chang Lei ,
Rong Chuanxin ,
Cheng Hua ,
Cai Haibing ,
Cao Yi

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1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Aihui 232001, P. R. China;
2. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Building Structure and Underground Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China

Received date: 2026-01-15

Online published: 2026-06-23

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摘要

两淮矿区地下工程冻结法施工过程中,深部冻土在不同方向同时承受加载和卸载,表现出从最初的原始应力状态到一侧应力不断升高、另一侧应力逐渐递减的动态变化。应力的不均匀分布导致工作面前方土体的应力路径各异,使土体处于三向不等的受力状态,进而影响其力学特性。为深入研究冻土在真三轴应力状态下的力学行为,利用自主研发的冻土真三轴仪,分析了不同温度、初始应力状态和加卸载速率对冻结钙质黏土强度和变形特性的影响。结果表明:在相同试验条件下,加载速率从0.4 mm/min增加到0.8 mm/min时,冻结钙质黏土广义剪应力q和广义剪应变γ曲线的斜率逐渐增大,即冻结钙质黏土的应力-应变曲线斜率随加载速率的增大而增加,且对应的峰值应力也逐渐增大;随着初始应力和加载速率的增加,冻结钙质黏土的应力-应变曲线整体从应变软化向应变硬化转变;在加卸载应力路径下,加载速率对冻结钙质黏土的强化效应随加载速率的增加而逐渐递减,并且满足幂函数关系;在相同的冻结温度T和加载速率v的情况下,冻结钙质黏土的三轴强度在主应力空间中符合Drucker-Prager准则,并给出α与K分别与冻结温度T和加载速率v的关系表达式。本研究成果可为深部冻结法凿井提供理论依据。

关键词： 冻结黏土; 真三轴; 加卸载速率; 应力路径; 力学特性

本文引用格式

常磊 , 荣传新 , 程桦 , 蔡海兵 , 曹祎 . 真三轴应力状态下冻结钙质黏土加卸载试验研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2026 , 22(3) : 822 -836 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.03.08

Abstract

In the process of freezing method construction of underground engineering in Huainan and Huaibei mining areas, the deep frozen soil is subjected to loading and unloading in different directions at the same time, showing a dynamic change from the initial original stress state to the increasing stress on one side and the decreasing stress on the other side. The uneven distribution of stress leads to different stress paths of the soil in front of the working face, so that the soil is in a three-way unequal stress state, which in turn affects its mechanical properties. Based on this, in order to further study the mechanical behavior of frozen soil under true triaxial stress state, this study analyzed the effects of different temperatures, initial stress states, and loading and unloading rates on the strength and deformation characteristics of frozen calcareous clay using a self-developed true triaxial apparatus for frozen soil. The test results show that under the same test conditions, when the loading rate increases from 0.4 mm/min to 0.8 mm/min, the slope of the generalized shear stress q and the generalized shear strain curve γ of the frozen calcareous clay gradually increases, that is, the slope of the stress-strain curve of the frozen calcareous clay increases with the increase of the loading rate, and the peak stress corresponding to the strain softening group also gradually increases. In addition, with the increase of initial stress and loading rate, the stress-strain curve of frozen calcareous clay changes from strain softening to strain hardening as a whole. Under different stress paths, the strengthening effect of loading rate on frozen calcareous clay gradually decreases with the increase of loading rate, and satisfies the power function relationship. Under the same freezing temperature T and loading rate v, the triaxial strength of frozen calcareous clay conforms to the Drucker-Prager criterion in the principal stress space, and the relationship expressions of α and K with freezing temperature T and loading rate v are given respectively. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for deep freezing shaft sinking.

Key words： frozen clay; true triaxial; loading and unloading rate; stress path; mechanical activation behavio

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