地下洞室具有安全隐蔽、环保节地等优势。然而,因空间封闭,施工过程中污染物易积聚。因此,提高通风系统运行效率,降低施工期能耗,是保障施工人员安全及设备正常运行的关键。以某地下洞室工程为对象,采用理论计算确定洞室需风量,并制定风机变频调控策略。通过数值模拟软件Fluent分析压入式通风条件下,地下洞室内苯、粉尘污染物在变频前后的浓度变化规律,并结合现场环境质量监测数据进行对比验证。结果表明:持续通风下,变频前后各洞室纵断面污染物浓度先逐渐增长后并趋于稳定,污染物产生与排出量逐渐守恒,人员呼吸高度处污染物浓度低于限值,验证了变频策略的有效性;通过建立通风动态调控系统,实现了施工现场风量调控。当轴流风机保持25%左右节电率,射流风机保持60%以上的节电率时,洞室污染物浓度仍在限值范围内,在保证施工人员安全的同时,降低了能源消耗。研究成果可为复杂地下洞室多工作面施工通风设计提供参考。
The underground caverns has the advantages of safe concealment, environmental protection, and land saving. However, due to its enclosed space, pollutants are easily accumulated during construction. Consequently, improving the operation efficiency of the ventilation system and reducing energy consumption during the construction period are the keys to ensuring the safety of personnel and the normal operation of equipment. Taking an underground cavern project as the object, a theoretical calculation is used to determine the frequency conversion control strategy of the cavern fan, and numerical simulation (Fluent) is used to analyze the concentration changes of benzene and dust pollutants in the underground cavern before and after frequency conversion under the pressure ventilation condition, the field environmental quality monitoring data are compared and validated. The results show that: the concentration of pollutants on the longitudinal section of each cavern before and after continuous ventilation frequency conversion increases gradually and then stabilizes. The gradual conservation of pollutant generation and emission rates, with pollutant concentrations at breathing height below the limit values, verifies the effectiveness of the variable frequency strategy. In the construction site, the ventilation dynamic control system is established to realize the variable air volume control. When the axial flow fan maintains an energy-saving rate of around 25% and the jet fan maintains an energy-saving rate of over 60%, the pollutant concentration in the cavern remains within the limit range. This not only ensures the safety of construction personnel but also reduces energy consumption. The study can provide reference for the ventilation frequency conversion design of multi-face construction in underground caverns.
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