为研究岩溶山区地下水位动态变化规律及变幅特征,本文以岩溶山区城市贵阳为例,选取2022～2023年9个地下水位动态观测点日监测数据及降水资料,采用自相关和互相关分析地下水位对降水的响应,并探讨补径排条件及地形坡度对地下水位动态变化的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区地下水位埋深1.21～27.68 m,年变幅1.54～11.99 m,地下水位动态在时空分布上存在较大差异;(2)研究区地下水位对降水信号的响应存在一定的滞后性,平均滞后时间7～92 h,且由补给区到排泄区逐渐增加;(3)地形坡度是岩溶山地区影响地下水位变幅的重要因素,研究区地形坡度与地下水位变幅及变幅度呈正相关,线性拟合优度(R2)分别为0.65、0.78;(4)地下水位埋深由补给区到排泄区逐渐减小,水位变幅径流区＞补给区＞排泄区。
In order to study the dynamic changes and amplitude values of groundwater level in karst mountainous areas, taking the karst mountainous city of Guiyang as an example, selecting daily monitoring data and precipitation data from nine groundwater level dynamic observation points from 2022 to 2023, autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis are used to analyze the response of groundwater level to precipitation and explore the influence of runoff and drainage conditions and terrain slope on the dynamic changes of groundwater level. The results show that: (1) The groundwater level in the study area is buried at a depth of 1.21~27.68 m, with an annual variation range of 1.54~11.99 m, and there are significant differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of groundwater level dynamics; (2) The relevant analysis results indicate that there is a significant lag in the response of groundwater level to precipitation signals in the study area, with an average lag time of 0~4 days, and it gradually increases from the supply area to the discharge area; (3) The terrain slope is an important factor affecting the amplitude of groundwater level variation in karst mountainous areas. The terrain slope in the study area is positively correlated with the amplitude and variation of groundwater level, with linear goodness of fit (R2) of 0.65 and 0.78, respectively; (4) The depth of groundwater level gradually decreases from the recharge area to the discharge area, and the range of water level changes from the runoff area to the recharge area to the discharge area.
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