泥水盾构中泥浆性质的稳定是在开挖面形成微透水泥膜,有效平衡地层水土压力的关键。海水侵入对泥浆性质的劣化主要是海水的高盐浓度,特别是其中的Ca2+、Mg2+等二价阳离子浓度。为解决海水泥浆性能劣化的问题,研究了膨水比为3∶50的泥浆在分散剂纯碱、螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、增稠剂黄原胶作用下,泥浆密度、马歇尔漏斗粘度、2 h泌水率的变化规律。结果表明:纯碱的加入可明显提高泥浆密度,EDTA与黄原胶单独加入对泥浆性质的影响不大;当EDTA与黄原胶以10∶1比例复合加入时,泥浆2 h泌水率降幅达50%;泥浆颗粒的特征粒径d85与表面Zeta电位值的测试结果表明,泥浆的稳定性与其胶体性质关联程度较低;EDTA与黄原胶复合添加时,泥浆稳定性的提升与EDTA螯合二价阳离子后黄原胶增稠能力的恢复有关。研究结果对于开发抗阳离子型增稠剂以提升海水泥浆稳定性具有重要的指导作用。
The stabilization of slurry properties in slurry shield tunneling is the key to form a slightly permeable filter cake on the excavation surface and to effectively balance the soil-water pressure in the ground. The deterioration of slurry properties due to seawater intrusion is mainly caused by the high salt concentration, especially the concentration of divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, etc. To address the issue of the deteriorating slurry properties due to seawater, study on the effects of adding sodium carbonate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and xanthan gum were conducted to a slurry with bentonite to seawater ratio of 3∶50. Variations in slurry density, Marshall's funnel viscosity and 2 h bleeding rate were measured. The experimental results indicate that: The addition of sodium carbonate increased the slurry density, while EDTA and xanthan gum alone have minimal impact on the slurry properties. However, when EDTA and xanthan gum were added with a ratio of 10∶1, the 2 h bleeding rate of the slurry decreased by 50%. The characteristic particle size d85 of the particles in the slurry and their zeta potential test results showed that the stability of the slurry and its colloidal properties were less relevant. The complex addition of EDTA and xanthan gum significantly improved the stability of the slurry, because EDTA chelated divalent cations in the seawater, which restored the thickening capacity of xanthan gum. The results are important guidelines for the development of cation-resistant thickeners to enhance the stability of seawater slurries.
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