富水砂层中地铁基坑围护结构存在缺陷工程等问题时易引起侧向水砂渗漏,导致工程灾害的发生。设计了一种模拟基坑侧向渗漏破坏的可视化试验装置,研究了水头和砂相对密度对渗漏水砂流失速率和破坏面的影响。结果表明:基坑发生侧向渗漏孔后,水砂首先从渗漏孔漏出、传递到地表,并逐渐向两侧扩展形成V形破坏面,最终达到渗漏变形稳定,在孔口周边土层中形成“流动破坏区”和“稳定区”。水头从0.04 m增大至5 m,砂流失速率和水流失速率分别增大3.3倍和3.5倍,渗漏口处砂破坏面越不易稳定,渗漏稳定的破坏面角度从33.5°降低至32.2°。相对密度从0.5增大至0.9,砂流失速率和水流失速率分别减小48%和64%,渗漏口处砂破坏面越易达到稳定状态,稳定后的破坏面角度从32.2°增大至34.7°。
The defects on the foundation pit retaining structure in the water-rich sand layer are easy to cause lateral water and sand leakage, resulting in engineering disasters. A visual test device for simulating lateral leakage failure of the foundation pit is developed. The effects of water head and sand relative density on sand flow rate and leakage failure surface were studied. The results show that: When a lateral leakage hole emerged in the foundation pit, water and sand first leaked out from the hole, transmitted to the surface, and gradually expanded to both sides of the periphery to form a V-shaped failure surface, and finally achieve leakage deformation stability, forming a flow failure zone and stability zone around the hole. As the water head increased from 0.04 m to 5 m, the sand mass flow rate and water mass flow rate increased 3.3 times and 3.5 times respectively; the more unstable the sand failure surface at the leakage outlet resulted, the damage surface angle was reduced from 33.5° to 32.2°. As the relative density increased from 0.5 to 0.9, the sand mass flow rate and water mass flow rate decreased by 48% and 64% respectively; the more easily the sand failure surface at the leakage outlet reaches the stable state, the failure angle increased from 32.2° to 34.7°.
[1] Feng S, Lu S. Failure of a retaining structure in a metro station excavation in Nanchang city, China[J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2016, 30(4): 04015097.
[2] 周红波, 蔡来炳, 高文杰. 城市轨道交通车站基坑事故统计分析[J].水文地质工程地质, 2009, 36(2): 67-71. (Zhou Hongbo, Cai Laibing, Gao Wenjie. Statistical analysis of the accidents of foundation pit of the urban mass rail transit station[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2009, 36(2): 67-71. (in Chinese))
[3] 张冬梅, 黄宏伟, 杨峻. 衬砌局部渗流对软土隧道地表长期沉降的影响研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2005, 27(12): 1430-1436.(Zhang Dongmei, Huang Hongwei, Yang Jun. Influence of partial drainage of linings on long-term surface settlement over tunnels in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2005, 27(12): 1430-1436. (in Chinese))
[4] 郑刚, 戴轩. 灾害环境下隧道不同部位漏水对于周围土体及平行隧道的影响研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(增1): 3196-3207. (Zheng Gang, Dai Xuan. Influence of different leakage positions of tunnel on surrounding soils and parallel tunnel under disaster environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(Supp. 1): 3196-3207. (in Chinese))
[5] 张冬梅, 高程鹏, 尹振宇, 等. 隧道渗流侵蚀的颗粒流模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(增1): 429-438. (Zhang Dongmei, Gao Chengpeng, Yin Zhenyu, et al. Particle flow simulation of seepage erosion around shield tunnel [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(Suppl.1): 429-438. (in Chinese))
[6] Zhang D, Gao C, Yin Z. CFD-DEM modeling of seepage erosion around shield tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 83: 60-72.
[7] 周宗青, 李利平, 石少帅, 等. 隧道突涌水机制与渗透破坏灾变过程模拟研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2020, 41(11): 3621-3631. (Zhou Zongqing, Li Liping, Shi Shaoshuai, et al. Study on tunnel water inrush mechanism and simulation of seepage failure process[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2020, 41(11): 3621-3631. (in Chinese))
[8] 叶治, 付岸然, 刘华北. 盾构隧道拱顶渗流侵蚀对地表沉降及结构变形的影响[J]. 河海大学学报, 2021(3): 279-287. (Ye Zhi, Fu Anran, Liu Huabei. Effect of seepage erosion of tunnel crown on ground settlement and structural deformation in shield tunnelling[J]. Journal of Hohai University, 2021(3): 279-287. (in Chinese))
[9] Long Y Y, Tan Y. Soil arching due to leaking of tunnel buried in water-rich sand[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 95: 103158.
[10] 张治国, 程志翔, 张孟喜, 等. 盾构隧道接缝漏损诱发水土流失模型试验及离散元分析[J]. 中国公路学报, 2023, 36(1): 162-175. (Zhang Zhiguo, Cheng Zhixiang, Zhang Mengxi, et al. Model test and discrete element analysis of soil and water loss induced by joint leakage of shield tunnel [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2023, 36(1): 162-175. (in Chinese))
[11] 郑刚, 戴轩, 张晓双. 地下工程漏水漏砂灾害发展过程的试验研究及数值模拟[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(12): 2458-2471. (Zheng Gang, Dai Xuan, Zhang Xiaoshuang. Experimental study and numerical simulation of leaking process of sand and water in underground engineering [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(12): 2458-2471. (in Chinese))
[12] Zheng G, Dai X, Diao Y, et al. Experimental and simplified model study of the development of ground settlement under hazards induced by loss of groundwater and sand[J]. Natural Hazards, 2016, 82(3): 1869-1893.
[13] 刘成禹, 张翔, 程凯, 等. 地下工程涌水涌砂诱发的沉降试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(3): 843-851. (Liu Chengyu, Zhang Xiang, Cheng Kai, et al. Experimental study of settlement caused by water and sand inrush in underground engineering[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(3): 843-851. (in Chinese))
[14] 戴轩, 郑刚, 程雪松, 等. 基于DEM-CFD方法的基坑工程漏水漏砂引发地层运移规律的数值模拟[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(2): 396-408. (Dai Xuan, Zheng Gang, Cheng Xuesong, et al. Numerical simulation of ground movement induced by leakage of groundwater and sand in excavations based on the DEM-CFD method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2019, 38(2): 396-408. (in Chinese))
[15] 梁燕, 谭周地, 李广杰. 弱胶结砂层突水涌砂模拟试验研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报, 1996, 16(1): 19-22. (Liang Yan, Tan Zhoudi, Li Guangjie. Simulation test research on water and soil outbursts of weak binding soil[J]. Journal of Xian Highway University, 1996, 16(1): 19-22. (in Chinese))
[16] 隋旺华, 蔡光桃, 董青红. 近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(10): 2084-2091. (Sui Wanghua, Cai Guangtao, Dong Qinghong. Experimental research on critical percolation gradient of quicksand across overburden fissures due to coal mining near unconsolidated soil layers[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(10): 2084-2091. (in Chinese))
[17] 杨伟峰, 吉育兵, 赵国荣, 等. 厚松散层薄基岩采动诱发水砂流运移特征试验[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2012, 34(4): 686-692. (Yang Weifeng, Ji Yubing, Zhao Guorong, et al. Experimental study on migration characteristics of mixed water and sand flows induced by mining under thin bedrock and thick unconsolidated formations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(4): 686-692. (in Chinese))
[18] 刘成禹, 陈博文, 罗洪林, 等. 满流条件下管道破损诱发渗流侵蚀的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2020, 41(1): 1-10. (Liu Chengyu, Chen Bowen, Luo Honglin, et al. Experimental study of seepage erosion induced by pipeline damage under full pipe flow condition [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2020, 41(1): 1-10. (in Chinese))
