SC-CO2和卤水对页岩各向异性力学特征的影响

马天寿; 冯杰; 刘阳

doi:10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.01.10

地下空间与工程学报 >

2026 , Vol. 22 >Issue 1: 91 - 102

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.01.10

理论与试验研究

SC-CO₂和卤水对页岩各向异性力学特征的影响

马天寿 ,
冯杰 ,
刘阳

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1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都 610500;
2.西南石油大学石油天然气装备教育部重点实验室,成都 610500

马天寿(1987—),男,四川三台人,博士,研究员,主要从事油气井岩石力学领域的教学与科研工作。 E-mail:matianshou@126.com

收稿日期: 2025-02-16

网络出版日期: 2026-03-03

基金资助

四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC0023);四川省杰出青年科技人才项目(2020JDJQ0055)

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Effects of SC-CO₂ and Brine on the Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Shale

Ma Tianshou ,
Feng Jie ,
Liu Yang

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1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P.R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Equipment, Ministry of Education, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P.R. China

Received date: 2025-02-16

Online published: 2026-03-03

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摘要

页岩气CO₂无水压裂和增强开采会发生超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO₂)、卤水和页岩之间的物理化学反应,这种反应会改变页岩物理力学性质,但现有研究很少关注各向异性力学特征的演化规律。为此,开展不同层理倾角页岩试样在SC-CO₂+卤水浸泡不同时间下的单轴压缩试验,分析了不同层理倾角和浸泡时间下页岩强度、弹性、破坏模式、声发射信号及分形维数的演化规律,明确了页岩各向异性的演化特征。结果表明:随着浸泡时间延长,全应力—应变曲线出现明显软化,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐减小,峰值应变和泊松比逐渐增大,页岩扩容现象逐渐增强;浸泡后压密和屈服破坏阶段的声发射信号明显增强,声发射分形维数随层理倾角增加而增大,随浸泡时间延长而增大,说明浸泡后页岩变形和破坏的复杂性和不规则性更强;页岩破坏模式与层理倾角和浸泡时间密切相关,层理倾角45°和60°多为沿层理面剪切破坏,浸泡后页岩破坏容易产生更多的次生裂纹,导致页岩破坏程度更加彻底;SC-CO₂+卤水长期浸泡后,页岩强度、弹性、声发射信号和声发射分形维数各向异性均显著增强,主要是SC-CO₂+卤水容易沿着层理面侵入,不断弱化层理间的胶结,造成层理面和基质体之间差异逐渐增大,进而使得各向异性显著增强。

关键词： 页岩气; 超临界二氧化碳; 卤水; 力学特征; 声发射; 各向异性

本文引用格式

马天寿 , 冯杰 , 刘阳 . SC-CO₂和卤水对页岩各向异性力学特征的影响[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2026 , 22(1) : 91 -102 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2026.01.10

Abstract

The process of CO₂ waterless fracturing and enhanced production of shale gas involves a physical and chemical reaction between supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), brine, and shale rock, and this reaction can alter the physical and mechanical properties of shale rock. However, there has been limited investigation into the evolution of anisotropic mechanical characteristics. Therefore, uniaxial compression experiments were conducted on shale samples with varying bedding angles, soaked in SC-CO₂ + brine for different durations. The evolution of shale strength, elasticity, failure mode, acoustic emission (AE) signal, and fractal dimension under varying bedding angles and soaking times was analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of shale anisotropy were defined. The results indicate that: An increase in soaking time results in a notable softening of the complete stress-strain curve, accompanied by a gradual decline in uniaxial strength and elastic modulus, a gradual increase in peak strain and Poisson's ratio, and a gradual intensification of the shale dilatation phenomenon. The AE signals in the compaction and yield failure stages are significantly enhanced following soaking. The AE fractal dimension is observed to increase with the increase of bedding inclination and soaking time. This indicates that the complexity and irregularity of shale deformation and failure are stronger after soaking. The shale failure mode is closely related to the bedding inclination and soaking time. For bedding inclinations of 45° and 60°, shear failure along the bedding plane is the predominant mode of failure, and the shale failure that occurs after soaking is prone to produce more secondary cracks, resulting in a more thorough degree of shale failure. Following prolonged immersion of SC-CO₂ + brine, the anisotropy of shale strength, elasticity, acoustic emission signal, and acoustic emission fractal dimension is markedly augmented. This phenomenon can be attributed to the ease with which SC-CO₂ + brine invades along the bedding plane, thereby continuously weakening interbedding cementation. This, in turn, results in a gradual increase in the difference between the bedding plane and the matrix, which significantly enhances the anisotropy.

Key words： shale gas; supercritical carbon dioxide; brine; mechanical characteristic; acoustic emission; anisotropy

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