受暴雨与城市内涝等极端环境影响,挡土结构后覆土极易产生渗流,进而显著降低挡土结构的被动土压力,降低其整体稳定性。为研究渗流影响下的土压力,本文提出一种考虑各向异性渗流效应的挡土结构被动土压力的修正计算方法。采用较通用的双曲螺旋线与直线组合的复合滑移面,首先求解修正Kötter方程以获得滑移面的有效土体反力分布,同时利用二维Laplace方程计算墙后覆土内的孔隙水压力,再通过迭代试错法计算挡土结构被动土压力系数。本方法通过力矩平衡获得被动土压力的作用位置,能够分析影响被动土压力大小及分布的主控因素。结果表明,渗流各向异性程度对被动土压力的大小和分布有显著影响,被动土压力随各向异性系数的增大而减小,最大降幅可达20%,土体有效内摩擦角的增大和各向异性系数的减小均会引起被动土压力合力作用位置降低,其作用位置会在墙高2/5~1/10范围内波动。
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