煤矿开采断裂构造等区域冲击地压发生机制复杂。针对急倾斜煤层开采断裂构造诱发冲击地压的难题,采用数值模拟、微震监测、理论分析等方法,研究了急倾斜煤层开采过断裂构造多场演化及微震时空演化规律,揭示了诱冲机制。结果表明:(1)断裂构造区域应力异常突变,且I级断裂带应力异常突变程度远高于V级断裂带,过断裂带区时煤岩应力异常集中、水平位移、应变速率等最高,过断裂带前次之,过断裂带后较小;(2)过断裂构造三阶段呈现高频次-较低能量、高频次-高能量、高频次-低能量的微震响应特征,过断裂带区时煤岩活动范围最广且最剧烈,过断裂带前次之,过断裂带后煤岩活动范围较小且缓和;(3)基于粘滑说及结构面强度理论计算得出该矿断裂带发生滑移错动,其诱冲机制为粘结和跳跃式急速滑动弱化岩体完整性,是应力积累和释放优势区域;(4)基于应力和能量积累及释放速率总结出致灾过程分为缓速升高、急速升高、回升恢复三个阶段,致灾路径为由岩柱靠煤层侧迁移至煤层及煤岩交界处再迁移至岩柱靠煤层侧。研究成果可为相似地质条件冲击地压防治提供科学依据。
The occurrence mechanism of rock burst in areas with fractured structures in coal mining is complex. To address the issue of rock burst induced by fractured structures during the mining of steeply inclined coal seams, methods such as numerical simulation, microseismic monitoring, and theoretical analysis were employed. The study examined the multi-field evolution of steeply inclined coal seams passing through fractured structures and the spatiotemporal evolution of microseismic events, revealing the mechanism that induces rock burst. The results indicate that: (1) In fractured structural areas, stress anomalies exhibit abrupt changes, with the degree of stress anomaly in Class I fracture zones being much higher than that in Class V fracture zones. When passing through the fracture zone, the coal and rock stress anomalies are concentrated, with the highest horizontal displacement and strain rate, followed by the area before the fracture zone and the area after the fracture zone being smaller. (2) The microseismic response characteristics during the passage through the fractured structure display three stages: high-frequency - low-energy, high-frequency - high-energy, and high-frequency-low-energy. The range and intensity of coal and rock activity are the largest and most intense when passing through the fracture zone, followed by the area before the fracture zone, and the smallest and most subdued after passing through the fracture zone. (3) Based on the theory of stick-slip and the strength theory of structural planes, it is calculated that the fracture zone in this mine undergoes slip displacement. The mechanism inducing rock burst is the weakening of rock integrity due to bond and jump-type rapid sliding, which is a zone of stress accumulation and release. (4) Based on the rates of stress and energy accumulation and release, the disaster process is summarized into three stages: slow increase, rapid increase, and recovery. The disaster path involves migration from the rock pillar towards the coal seam side, then to the coal-rock interface, and finally migrating back to the rock pillar near the coal seam side. These findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rock burst in similar geological conditions.
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