贵州张家寨水库坝址区受岩溶与火成岩侵入耦合作用影响,发育多处风化深槽,对工程建设构成严峻挑战。通过地表地质调查、坑槽探、钻探、物探及岩土体试验等手段,查明左坝肩发育3处纵向溶蚀风化深槽,右坝肩发育1处水平向风化深槽。风化深槽来源于“构造-火成岩-岩溶耦合”和“接触带差异风化-构造-地形耦合”两种成因,建立了不同类型风化深槽的“精准勘探-分类处置-动态监测”处置框架,提出了差异化处理措施,经帷幕处理后下游泉水干枯,灌浆效果明显,坝基满足稳定要求。研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴参考。
At the Zhangjiazai Reservoir dam site in Guizhou, China, the coupled influence of karst processes and igneous intrusions has produced multiple deep weathering troughs, which pose significant challenges to the engineering construction. Through surface geological mapping, test pits and trenches, drilling, geophysical surveys, and geotechnical testing, three longitudinal troughs formed by karst and weathering on the left abutment, and one trough with a lateral orientation on the right abutment are identified. These features arise from two coupled mechanisms: coupling among tectonics, igneous intrusion, and karst; and differential weathering along intrusion contacts combined with tectonics and topography. We establish a management framework for different trough types that includes targeted investigation, classification driven treatment, and dynamic monitoring, and we propose differentiated mitigation measures. After curtain grouting, downstream springs dried up, indicating a clear improvement in cutoff performance, and the dam foundation meets stability requirements. The results provide a useful reference for similar engineering projects.
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