随着城市地下空间开发规模的不断扩大,隧道工程爆破振动控制成为影响周边环境安全的关键问题。为提升爆破精细化控制水平,以重庆市17号线暗挖车站工程为背景,通过开展现场单孔与双孔爆破振动监测,结合ANSYS/LS-DYNA流固耦合数值模拟方法,系统研究了单孔多段式堵塞装药结构对爆破振动响应与飞石控制的影响机制。结果表明:通过时程叠加分析确定重庆砂泥岩互层孔间最优延期时间为17 ms,可实现振动波干扰降振,使双孔爆破峰值振速降低约10%;数值模拟揭示了堵塞长度对炮孔近区应力场与损伤分布的影响规律,确定最优堵塞长度为80 cm,此时孔口最大有效应力为6.37 MPa,低于砂岩动态抗拉强度,可有效抑制飞石产生;多段堵塞装药结构通过分段延时起爆,将集中能量释放分散为多个脉冲,显著优化应力传播与能量利用效率,三段堵塞工况下爆破最大粒径降低47.7%,飞石距离减少42.9%。单孔多段堵塞装药结构可在总装药量不变的前提下显著提升爆破安全性与精细化水平,为城市复杂环境下爆破设计与施工提供重要依据。

With the continuous expansion of the development scale of urban underground space, the blasting vibration control of tunnel engineering has become a key issue affecting the safety of the surrounding environment. In order to improve the level of fine control of blasting, the underground excavation station project of Chongqing Line 17 is taken as the background. By carrying out on-site single-hole and double-hole blasting vibration monitoring, combined with ANSYS/LS-DYNA fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation method, the influence mechanism of single-hole multi-stage blocking charge structure on blasting vibration response and flying rock control is systematically studied. The results show that: The optimal delay time between holes of sand-mudstone interbed in Chongqing is determined to be 17 ms by time history superposition analysis, which can realize vibration wave interference and vibration reduction, and reduce the peak vibration velocity of double-hole blasting by about 10%. The numerical simulation reveals the influence of the blockage length on the stress field and damage distribution in the near area of the borehole. The optimal blockage length is determined to be 80 cm. At this time, the maximum effective stress at the orifice is 6.37 MPa, which is lower than the dynamic tensile strength of sandstone and can effectively inhibit the generation of flying stones. The multi-stage blocking charge structure disperses the concentrated energy release into multiple pulses through segmented delay initiation, which significantly optimizes the stress propagation and energy utilization efficiency. Under the three-stage blocking condition, the maximum particle size of blasting is reduced by 47.7%, and the flying stone distance is reduced by 42.9%. The single-hole multi-stage blocking charge structure can significantly improve the blasting safety and refinement level under the premise of constant total charge, and provide an important basis for blasting design and construction in complex urban environment.