隧址区周边环境敏感时,矿山钻爆法隧道施工中爆破振动是重要的致灾源,裂隙岩体成为振动波传输介质。为了研究爆破应力波在单一节理裂隙或者节理裂隙密集带下的传播规律,探究节理裂隙对爆破应力波在岩体中传播的作用效应,利用数值模拟软件ANSYS/LSDYNA ,对岩体中单孔爆破产生爆破应力波入射单条节理的衰减情况和微差爆破产生爆破应力波入射单条节理裂隙带的衰减情况进行模拟计算。结果表明:节理裂隙对爆破应力波有显著阻碍作用,空裂隙阻碍强于填充裂隙,且随尺寸增大而增强;微差爆破中,密集带越宽,阻碍作用越强,透射系数线性衰减,能量传递系数曲线下降;节理裂隙宽度从2 cm增至8 cm,爆破应力峰值衰减率由45.5%增至59.4%;密集带宽度从0.2 m增至1.0 m,透射系数从0.95降至0.76,体现出节理几何特征对波传播效应的显著影响;节理裂隙能有效降低爆破振动峰值速度,同时使应力波由高频转低频,随宽度增加低频化效应更明显。

In tunnel construction using the drill-and-blast method, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas, blast-induced vibrations are a significant source of potential hazards. As the medium through which stress waves propagate, fractured rock masses play a critical role in the transmission and attenuation of these vibrations. This study aims to investigate the propagation characteristics of blast-induced stress waves through both single joints and jointed fracture zones in rock masses, with particular attention to the effects of joint geometry and material filling. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to analyze stress wave attenuation when a single charge blast impacts an isolated joint, as well as when a delay-blast sequence interacts with a densely jointed fracture zone. The results indicate that: Joints significantly hinder the transmission of stress waves, with unfilled joints exhibiting stronger attenuation effects than filled ones. The inhibitory effect increases with joint aperture. In delay blasting scenarios, wider fracture zones result in stronger impedance, linear reductions in transmission coefficients, and a noticeable decline in energy transfer ratios. Specifically, when the joint width increased from 2 cm to 8 cm, the peak stress attenuation rose from 45.5% to 59.4%. When the fracture zone width expanded from 0.2 m to 1.0 m, the transmission coefficient decreased from 0.95 to 0.76. Moreover, joints effectively reduced the peak particle velocity of blast-induced vibrations and caused a shift from high-frequency to low-frequency components, with the low-frequency effect becoming more pronounced as joint width increased. These findings highlight the significant influence of jointed structures on blast wave propagation in fractured rock masses.