在全球数字化转型与“双碳”目标驱动下,地下数据中心凭借其节能降耗、安全稳定等优势,成为新型数字基础设施的重要发展方向。当前国内外建成的地下数据中心可分为新建类与改造类,新建项目聚焦自然冷源利用与安全稳定性,改造类则通过既有地下空间升级实现存量资源再利用。规划选址、建造运营和热管理与回用是关系地下数据中心产业发展的关键技术问题。在规划选址方面需综合考虑地质条件、能源供给与灾害风险;在建造运营方面需注重快速改造利用既有空间、模块化安装与智能运维技术融合;在热管理与余热回用方面,注重利用绿色能源供应,结合高效的散热和余热回收管理,实现近零碳运营模式。结合国内外的实践案例,提出了我国地下数据中心的政策建议、主要发展模式和重点突破技术方向。未来,地下数据中心将依托政策、技术与场景协同,构建“绿色-安全-智能”三位一体的可持续发展范式。
Driven by global digital transformation and the “dual-carbon” objectives, underground data centers have emerged as a critical development direction for new digital infrastructure, leveraging their advantages in energy efficiency and operational stability. Currently constructed underground data centers worldwide can be categorized into newly-built facilities and retrofitted existing caverns, with the former focusing on natural cooling utilization and geological stability, while the latter achieves resource recycling through upgrading existing underground spaces. Key technical challenges influencing the industry's development include site selection planning, construction/operation methodologies, and thermal management with waste heat recovery. For site selection planning, a comprehensive evaluation of geological conditions, energy supply, and disaster risks is essential. Regarding construction and operation, emphasis should be placed on rapid retrofitting of existing spaces, modular installation, and integration with intelligent maintenance technologies. In terms of thermal management and waste heat utilization, the implementation of zero-carbon operation requires green energy supply combined with efficient cooling systems and heat recovery management. Drawing upon international case studies, this paper proposes policy recommendations, primary development models, and key technological breakthroughs for China's underground data center sector. Looking forward, underground data centers will establish a sustainable “green-safe-smart” trinity paradigm through coordinated policy support, technological innovation, and scenario applications.
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