城市用地紧张和学生数量增加导致高校老旧校园发展受限。以中国矿业大学(北京)学院路老旧校园为研究对象,基于地上地下空间整合理念,从功能分区整合、交通优化、地下空间安全疏散以及空间品质提升四个方面研究其更新方法。通过分析确定拆除部分现有老旧建筑,结合周边环境和拆除后校园地上地下状况,整合校园功能与分区,实现校园内部小汽车、货车和人员分流;针对较大规模且上部空间无法开口的地下文体馆,提出了“功能区—次安全区—安全区(下沉空间)”的安全疏散体系,并通过模拟软件验证了其合理性。通过下沉通廊、下沉庭院和天窗等设计手法有效解决了地下空间采光问题。上述方法不仅增加了校园各类建筑的面积,而且提升了校园空间品质。研究结果将为中国矿业大学(北京)学院路校园改造提供具体方案,为高校老旧校园的更新提供有效的方法。
Urban land scarcity and increasing student numbers have limited the development of old university campuses. This study proposes a new concept of integrating above-ground and underground space for the study of the renovation design of old university campuses and applies this new concept to the Xueyuan Road Campus of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing). The study was carried out with a focus on four aspects: functional zoning integration, traffic optimization, emergency evacuation of underground space, and space quality improvement. Adjustment of the functionality and zoning of the campus by analyzing the demolition of some of the existing old buildings, taking into account the surrounding environment and the above and below-ground conditions of the campus after the demolition, to separate pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic on campus. In this design, the large-scale gymnasium is underground beneath the playground where the upper space cannot be opened. An innovative "functional area-secondary safe area-safe area (sunken space)" evacuation system is proposed, and its feasibility was verified using the simulation software. Sunken corridors, sunken courtyards, and skylights were used to solve the problems of lighting in underground spaces. The methodology described in this paper effectively increased the area of various buildings on the campus and significantly improved the quality of the campus space. Our results provide a plan for the renovation of the Xueyuan Road Campus of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), and provide an effective method for the renovation of old university campuses.
[1] Su P.Study on urban design methods of currently campus planning[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012, 174-177: 2457-2460.
[2] Hajrasouliha A H.Master-planning the American campus: goals, actions, and design strategies[J].URBAN DESIGN International, 2017, 22(4): 363-381.
[3] Li Y.Discussion on theorganization structure of large university campus planning[J].IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 267(5): 052047.
[4] Wang S Y.Characteristics ofuniversity landscape planning and design[J].Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 250-253: 3401-3404.
[5] Song P, Gao L.Landscape design of colleges based on the concept of ecological protection-taking Jilin Communications Polytechnic as an example[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2024, 26(3): 314-323.
[6] Li S, Zhu Y, Yang J, et al.Research onrenewal design of college campus based on flood bearing resilience[J].Sustainability, 2023, 15(15): 11489.
[7] Shabiev S.The ecological city planning aspects of the south ural state university main building complex reconstruction[J].Procedia Engineering, 2016, 150: 1978-1982.
[8] Shabiev S G.South ural state university campus: architectural development concept in accordance with international standards[J].IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 262: 012131.
[9] Suh K.Astudy on the underground space utilization in university campuses[J].Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 2007, 23(11): 189-197.
[10] Lee H.Astudy on color design of underground parking lot in the university - focused on Yonsei International Campus[J].Design Convergence Study, 2010, 9(1): 93-104.
[11] 赵景伟, 彭建, 彭芳乐.论高校校园地下空间的综合利用——一种可持续的校园空间发展模式[J].国际城市规划, 2016, 31(6): 104-111.(Zhao Jingwei, Peng Jian, Peng Fangle.Discussion on comprehensive utilization of underground space in university campus: a sustainable mode for campus space development[J].Urban Planning International, 2016, 31(6): 104-111.(in Chinese))
[12] 朱文雄.美国建双层地下体育馆[J].体育科研, 1982(1): 33.(Zhu Wenxiong.Building a double-level underground stadium in the United States[J].Sport Science Research (in Chinese))
[13] 童林旭.在新的技术革命中开发地下空间——美国明尼苏达大学土木与矿物工程系新建地下系馆评介[J].地下空间, 1985(1): 10-16.(Tong Linxu.Developing underground space in the new technological revolution—a review of the new underground departmental hall of the department of civil and mineral engineering, university of minnesota, USA[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 1985(1): 10-16.(in Chinese))
[14] 吕敏.集约理念下的高校地下空间功能与形态研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2021.(Lü Min.Research on the function and form of underground space in ccoollege under the intensive concept[D].Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2021.(in Chinese))
[15] 焦明杨.西安建筑科技大学雁塔校区北院地下空间现状调研及优化设计[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2019.(Jiao Mingyang.Investigation and optimization design of underground space in north courtyard of Yanta Campus of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology[D].Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2019.(in Chinese))
[16] 住房城乡建设部.普通高等学校建筑面积指标(建标 191-2018)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2018.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.Building area standards for ordinary institutions of higher learning(Building Standard 191-2018)[S].Beijing: China Planning Press, 2018.(in Chinese))
[17] 中国矿业大学(北京) 信息公开网[EB/OL].[2024-04-13].https://xxgk.cumtb.edu.cn/info/1110/1716.htm.(China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Open Information Network[EB/OL].[2024-04-13].https://xxgk.cumtb.edu.cn/info/1110/1716.htm.(in Chinese))
[18] Ouyang F X.Analysis oncharacteristics of road planning of university campus[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 357-360: 1642-1647.
[19] 住房和城乡建设部.建筑防火通用规范(GB 55037-2022)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2022.(Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.General code for fire protection of buildings and constructions(GB 55037-2022)[S].Beijing: China Planning Press, 2022.(in Chinese))
