富水铁路隧道盲管堵塞力学特性及衬砌水压分布研究

刘建红

doi:10.20174/j.JUSE.2025.05.36

地下空间与工程学报 >

2025 , Vol. 21 >Issue 5: 1802 - 1814

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20174/j.JUSE.2025.05.36

防灾与环境

富水铁路隧道盲管堵塞力学特性及衬砌水压分布研究

刘建红

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1.极端环境岩土和隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室,西安 710043;
2.中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安 710043

刘建红(1979—),女,河北阜平人,正高级工程师,主要从事隧道工程等领域的科研工作。E-mail:532109479@qq.com

收稿日期: 2025-01-25

网络出版日期: 2025-10-17

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Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of Blind Tube Clogging and Water Pressure Distribution in Linings of High Water Content Railway Tunnels

Liu Jianhong

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1. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling, Xi'an 710043, P.R. China;
2. China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710043, P.R. China

Received date: 2025-01-25

Online published: 2025-10-17

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摘要

富水地层中铁路隧道排水盲管发生结晶堵塞后,易造成隧道衬砌渗漏水甚至严重影响隧道结构安全。通过室内模型试验研究了不同流量下排水管结晶规律,通过三维数值模型分析了不同防排水系统下富水山区铁路隧道衬砌背后水压力分布规律与排水量演变特征,探讨了环向盲管间距对隧道排水能力和衬砌所受水压力的影响。结果表明:(1)随着排水管内流量越大,管内结晶量越大,排水量是影响排水管堵塞的主要因素之一;(2)全包防水体系相较于半包防水体系在拱顶与拱底衬砌水压分布上更为均匀,对结构的受力更加有利;(3)衬砌水压力分布与环向盲管间距紧密相关,盲管间距的合理选择对于满足衬砌安全要求和生态限排标准至关重要;(4)盲管堵塞导致盲管两侧衬砌水压力增加,拱顶水压增长速率大于拱底,在监测衬砌背后水压力时应特别关注拱顶区域。研究可为富水地层铁路隧道的防排水系统设计提供理论支撑。

关键词： 排水管结晶堵塞; 防排水体系; 富水隧道; 水压分布; 排水量

本文引用格式

刘建红 . 富水铁路隧道盲管堵塞力学特性及衬砌水压分布研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2025 , 21(5) : 1802 -1814 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2025.05.36

Abstract

In water-rich geological formations, the crystallization blockage of drainage blind pipes in railway tunnels can lead to water leakage in tunnel linings and even severely impact tunnel structural safety. Laboratory model tests are conducted to investigate the crystallization patterns in drainage pipes under different flow rates. Additionally, three-dimensional numerical models are employed to analyze the water pressure distribution behind tunnel linings and the evolution of drainage volume in water-rich mountain railway tunnels equipped with different waterproof and drainage systems. The impact of the spacing between circumferential blind pipes on tunnel drainage capacity and the water pressure exerted on the lining is also explored. The results indicate that:(1) As the flow rate within the drainage pipes increases, so does the amount of crystallization within the pipes, suggesting that drainage volume is one of the primary factors influencing pipe blockage. (2) Compared to the semi-encapsulated waterproofing system, the fully encapsulated waterproofing system results in a more uniform distribution of water pressure on the lining at the arch crown and arch soles, which is more beneficial for the structural stress. (3) The water pressure distribution on the lining is closely related to the spacing between circumferential blind pipes, highlighting the critical importance of selecting an appropriate blind pipe spacing to meet lining safety requirements and ecological emission limitations. (4) Blockage in blind pipes leads to an increase in water pressure on the lining on both sides of the pipes, with the water pressure growth rate at the arch crown being greater than that at the arch soles. Special attention should be given to the arch crown area when monitoring the water pressure behind the tunnel lining. This study provides theoretical support for the design of waterproofing and drainage systems in railway tunnels located in water-rich geological formations.

Key words： drainage pipe crystallization blockage; waterproof and drainage system; high water content tunnel; water pressure distribution; drainage volume

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