竖井掘进机是综合机械化凿井的发展方向和趋势,基于掘进机破岩震源地震波场进行超前地质探测是保障竖井掘进机施工安全的有效方法。为研究掘进机破岩震源的地震波场特性,以常见地质情况岩层分界面为例,通过全波场数值模拟软件Tesseral建立不同倾角岩层分界面的地质模型,采用连续随机信号作为破岩震源进行正演计算,得到掘进机破岩震源地震波场。以无岩层分界面为参照组,去除地震波场中的直达波,获取地震波场中的反射波、绕射波等,分析反射波的时域特征,通过小波包对比各岩层分界面反射波的频域特征。结果表明:不同倾角岩层分界面地震波场中的反射波主频在50~200 Hz范围内,多种波的组分和主频较为复杂,在600 Hz以内均有分布;岩层分界面倾角越大,波的传播距离越小,反射波到达时间越早,幅值也有所增加,各个倾角的能量均集中在70~125 Hz之间;随着岩层分界面倾角增大,各倾角反射波的能量值越大,而低频成分的能量占比降低;震源主频对各岩层分界面的反射波时域及频域特征影响较小;地质条件对岩层分界面的反射波时域及频域特征影响较大,上软下硬地质条件的反射波最大幅值和能量远大于上硬下软地质条件,上软下硬反射波低频段的能量占比较小。研究结果可为掘进机破岩震源的地震波场理论分析提供参考。
Shaft boring machine is the development direction and trend of comprehensive mechanized shaft sinking. Advanced geological exploration based on the seismic wave field of the rock-breaking source of the shaft boring machine is an effective method to ensure the construction safety of the shaft boring machine. In order to study the seismic wave field characteristics of rock-breaking source of shaft boring machine, taking the rock stratum interface of common geological conditions as an example, the geological model of rock stratum interface with different dip angles is established by using the full wave field numerical simulation software Tesseral. The continuous random signal is used as the rock-breaking source for forward calculation, and the seismic wave field of the rock-breaking source of the shaft boring machine is obtained. Taking the strata without interface as the reference group, the direct wave in the seismic wave field is removed, and the reflected wave, diffraction wave, etc., are obtained in the seismic wave field. The time domain characteristics of the reflected wave are analyzed, and the frequency domain characteristics of the reflected wave at the interface of each rock layer are compared through wavelet packets. The results show that: The dominant frequency of the reflected wave in the seismic wave field at the interface of different dip strata is in the range of 50~200 Hz, and the component and dominant frequency of multiple waves are relatively complex, which are distributed within 600 Hz. With the increase of the dip angle of the rock stratum interface, the smaller the propagation distance of the wave, the earlier the arrival time of the reflected wave, and the greater the amplitude. The energy of each dip angle is concentrated between 70~125 Hz. As the dip angle of the rock stratum interface increases, the energy value of the reflected wave at each dip angle increases, while the energy proportion of the low-frequency component decreases. The main frequency of the seismic source has a relatively small impact on the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the reflected waves at the interfaces of various rock layers. The geological conditions have a significant impact on the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the reflected waves at the rock layer interface. The maximum amplitude and energy of the reflected waves in the upper soft and lower hard geological conditions are much greater than those in the upper hard and lower soft geological conditions. The energy proportion of the low frequency band of the reflected waves in the upper soft and lower hard geological conditions is relatively small. The research results provide a reference for the theoretical understanding of the seismic wave field of the rock-breaking source of the shaft boring machine.
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