TBM在通过地表有冲沟的断层破碎带时,易发生卡机事故,处理时间较长、成本较高。为保证TBM通过冲沟断层洞段时的掘进安全,避免出现掌子面塌方、卡机、设备“栽头”等情况,常采用地表预注浆加固技术对冲沟段断层破碎带进行处理。本文针对新疆某水利工程TBM施工穿越地表有冲沟段断层破碎带容易发生卡机的问题,通过数值模拟对比分析了管棚注浆与地表注浆对围岩稳定性的影响,并对两种注浆工法经济效益进行分析。结果表明:在TBM穿越地表有冲沟的断层破碎带洞段时,采用地表预注浆加固技术,浆液能更好填充进围岩裂隙,并提升围岩的完整性与胶结程度;通过钻孔取芯和超声波检测的手段验证了地表预注浆加固充填围岩裂隙效果较好;采用地表预注浆施工,工期上优势明显优于管棚注浆,而当TBM采用管棚注浆脱困存在有较高风险,造成围岩塌方,对施工人员和TBM机均产生较高危险。综合考虑经济性和技术难度,隧洞埋深在70 m的情况下应采用地表预注浆来防范TBM卡机事故的发生。研究可为相似工程提供参考。

When a TBM passes through fault fracture zones with surface gullies, machine jamming accidents are prone to occur, leading to longer processing times and higher costs. To ensure the safety of TBM excavation through the gully fault section and avoid situations such as the collapse of the tunnel face, machine jamming, and equipment "falling head", surface pre-grouting reinforcement technology is commonly used to address the fractured zones of gully-related fault sections. This article focuses on the problem of machine jamming during the TBM construction of a tunnel in Xinjiang, where is a fault fracture zone with gullies on the surface. The effects of pipe shed grouting and surface grouting on the stability of surrounding rock are compared and analyzed through numerical simulation. The economic benefits of the two grouting methods were examined. The results show that: When a TBM passes through fault fracture zones with surface gullies, surface pre-grouting reinforcement technology can be employed. The slurry can better fill the surrounding rock's cracks and improve the surrounding rock's integrity and bonding degree. The effectiveness of surface pre-grouting reinforcement and filling of rock fractures was verified through drilling and ultrasonic testing. Surface pre-grouting construction has a significant advantage over pipe shed grouting in terms of the construction period. However, when TBM uses pipe shed grouting for escape, there is a higher risk of rock collapse, which poses a higher danger to both construction personnel and TBM machines. Considering both economic feasibility and technical difficulty, surface pre-grouting should be used to prevent TBM jamming accidents when the tunnel is buried at a depth of 70 m. The research can provide reference for similar engineering.