隧道TBM施工具有高效、绿色等特点,但仍存在对不良工程地质条件适应性差的问题,为避免TBM遭遇事前未能明确的不良地质条件而盲目掘进,施工期地质预报技术的实施与创新尤为关键。基于TBM施工特点与地质预报技术难点分析,围绕地震波法场源类型与激发形式、预报设备载入模式、预报长度与成果时效性等方面开展预报技术选型,并对TBM破岩震源HSP法实时地质预报技术开展深入研究。通过将HSP预报设备搭载于TBM,实现破岩震动信息自动采集、数据智能处理、异常智能识别和成果实时解译的效果,提升TBM施工工法下地质预报技术场景适用性、现场测试便携性、成果获取实时性;提出基于多次预报成果交互迭代的数据处理技术,实现减少假异常,提升准确度的目的。基于滇中引水香炉山隧洞、乐西高速大凉山隧道和高原铁路隧道的工程应用,验证了HSP实时预报技术对断层破碎带、富水构造带等不良地质体的探测效果,为TBM高效施工起到了一定的助推作用,可为类似TBM施工隧道地质预报工作提供参考。

Tunnel TBM construction has the characteristics of high efficiency and green, but there is still a problem of poor adaptability to adverse engineering geological conditions. In order to avoid blind excavation of TBM due to unclear adverse geological conditions beforehand, the implementation and innovation of geological prediction technology during the construction period are particularly crucial. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of TBM construction and the difficulties of geological prediction technology, the article focuses on the selection of prediction technology for seismic wave method field source types and excitation forms, loading mode of prediction equipment, prediction length and timeliness of results, and conducts in-depth research on the real-time geological prediction technology of TBM rock breaking source HSP method. By installing HSP prediction equipment on TBM, the automatic collection of rock breaking vibration information, intelligent data processing, intelligent identification of anomalies, and real-time interpretation of results are achieved, which improves the applicability of geological prediction technology scenarios, portability of on-site testing, and real-time achievement acquisition under TBM construction method; Propose a data processing technique based on multiple interactive iterations of forecast results to reduce false anomalies and improve accuracy. And based on the engineering applications of Xianglushan TBM tunnel for water diversion in central Yunnan, Daliangshan TBM tunnel for Lexi Expressway, and TBM tunnel for plateau railway, the detection effect of HSP real-time prediction technology on adverse geological bodies such as fault fracture zones and water rich structural zones was verified, which played a certain role in promoting efficient TBM construction and provided reference for geological prediction work in similar TBM construction tunnels.