为深入研究地铁隧道施工过程中围岩扰动的时序性变化规律,通过有限元数值模拟对开挖过程中产生的应力应变规律进行了分析,比较了不同开挖阶段拱顶沉降的相对关系,总结了围岩在开挖过程中位移和应力状态的变化规律。结合小波分析与自回归移动平均模型(W-ARIMA),提出了一种隧道围岩扰动演化模型,并对演化模型进行了验证分析。结果表明:随着隧道开挖的推进,周围岩体的应力分布重新分配,初期支护后容易出现应力集中,尤其在上台阶开挖完成后更为明显;采用扩大拱脚台阶法的逐级开挖策略,能够有效降低围岩受力范围和应力集中现象,从而减少开挖过程中应力应变对围岩稳定性的影响;基于W-ARIMA方法建立的演化模型,成功验证了隧道变形的整体动态规律。研究成果可为隧道施工中的围岩稳定性管理提供新的方法参考。
To deeply investigate the temporal changes of surrounding rock disturbance in the construction process of subway tunnel, the finite element numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the stress and strain changes induced by excavation, and the comparison of crown settlements at different excavation stages was performed, and then the displacement and stress state of surrounding rock during the excavation process was summarized. The evolution model for surrounding rock disturbance was proposed and validated by integrating wavelet analysis with the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The results indicate that: With tunnel excavation progresses, the stress distribution in the surrounding rock undergoes significant reorganization. Stress concentrations are particularly evident after initial support installation, especially following the completion of upper bench excavation. However, employing a stepwise excavation strategy with enlarged arch foot benches effectively reduces the scope of surrounding rock stress and stress concentration phenomena, thereby minimizing the impact of stress and strain changes on surrounding rock stability during excavation. Furthermore, the evolutionary model based on the W-ARIMA method successfully captures the overall dynamic changes of tunnel deformation. These findings can provide a new perspective and methodology for surrounding rock stability management in tunnel construction.
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