重庆港位于长江经济走廊上游,与“一带一路”战略深度融合。三峡库区蓄水后,形成约30m高的消落带,长期循环浸泡侵蚀库区两岸岩体,致使岩体劣化损伤,诱发滑坡、崩塌及链生涌浪等灾害,消落带地质环境愈发严峻,库区两岸地质灾害风险明显增加,严重威胁长江航道及瞿塘峡景区安全。本文通过现场调查、现场试验、工程物探、地质测绘与工程测量等多种手段对瞿塘峡两岸消落带岩体劣化程度进行研究,认为瞿塘峡消落区岩体劣化类型有裂隙扩展与新生、溶蚀/潜蚀、松动剥蚀、软硬互层侵蚀等4种,消落区岩体劣化带破坏模式有岩质坠落﹣崩塌、错断﹣崩塌、溶蚀﹣倾倒、溃屈﹣滑移破坏等,从岩体结构、结构面、软弱层带、岩体缺陷、坡面变形特征、应力﹣水作用下岩石强度敏感性特征、岩体完整程度等级等方面构建岩体劣化程度评价体系,对岩体劣化程度进行定性和半定量评价,认为瞿塘峡消落带岩体劣化程度等级为较强烈,局部为强烈。
Chongqing Port is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Corridor and is deeply integrated with the Belt and Road Initiative. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, a hydro-fluctuation belt about 30 meters high has been formed. The rock masses on both sides of the reservoir area are eroded by long-term cyclic immersion, resulting in the deterioration and damage of the rock masses, and triggering disasters such as landslides, collapses, and chain-generated surges. The geological environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt has become increasingly severe, and the geological disaster risks on both sides of the reservoir area have increased significantly, seriously threatening the safety of the Yangtze River waterway and the Qutang Gorge Scenic Area. In this paper, various means such as field investigation, field tests, engineering geophysical prospecting, geological mapping, and engineering surveying are used to study the deterioration degree of the rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation belt on both sides of Qutang Gorge. It is considered that there are four types of rock mass deterioration in the Qutang Gorge hydro-fluctuation area, namely, crack expansion and new formation, corrosion/suffusion, loosening and erosion, and erosion of soft-hard interbedded layers. The failure modes of the rock mass deterioration zone in the hydro-fluctuation area include rock falling-collapse, fault-collapse, corrosion-toppling, and buckling-sliding failure. An evaluation system for the degree of rock mass deterioration is constructed from aspects such as rock mass structure, structural planes, soft layer zones, rock mass defects, slope deformation characteristics, the sensitivity characteristics of rock strength under the action of stress-water, and the integrity degree grade of the rock mass. Qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations of the degree of rock mass deterioration are carried out. It is considered that the degree of rock mass deterioration in the hydro-fluctuation belt of Qutang Gorge is relatively intense, and locally intense.
[1] 殷跃平,张晨阳,闫慧,等.三峡库蓄运滑坡渗流稳定和防治设计研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2022,41(4):649-659.
[2] 殷跃平.新三峡库区期地质安全战略研究[J]. 中国水利,2024,22:26-35.
[3] 殷跃平,闫国强,黄波林,等.三峡库区消落带斜坡岩体劣化过程地质强度指标研究[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(8):883-896.
[4] 杨树宝,陈安军,雷瑞新,等.高陡峡谷区危岩防治技术:以三峡库区巫峡典型危岩为例[J]. 水利水电技术,2023,54(增1):341-347.
[5] 殷跃平,黄波林,李滨,等.三峡库区消落带溶蚀岩体劣化指标研究[J]. 地质学报,2021,95(8):2590-2600.
[6] 闫国强,黄波林,殷跃平,等.三峡库区岸坡消落带岩体劣化分形特征与演化预测研究[J]. 地质学报,2023,97(7):2399-2407.
[7] 张国栋,邵杰鹏,叶义成,等.三峡库区秭归碎屑岩岸坡消落带岩体劣化特性研究[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2023,45(3):26-31.
[8] 陈洪凯,秦鑫.危岩稳定性分析研究现状及趋势[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(10):49-60.
[9] 许彬,刘新荣,周小涵,等.消落带岩体劣化下顺层岩质边坡动响应规律试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2022,44(8):1453-1462.
[10] 黄俊辉.库区消落带顺层岩质边坡动力响应特征及稳定性研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2021.
[11] 刘新荣,王龑,许彬,等.消落带劣化下含锯齿状结构面岩质边坡动力响应机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2022,41(12):2377-2388.
[12] 张伟.胜利水电站库区消落带泥质砂岩区环氧树脂干预材料研究[J]. 陕西水利,2020,3(3):22-27.
[13] 何钰铭,赵振洋,谢迪,等.三峡库区岩质库岸劣化变形演化过程与规律分析——以破峡库岸为例[J]. 中国资源综合利用,2024(2):26-29.
[14] 胡刘洋,张鹏,黄波林.三峡库区消落带岩体劣化下危岩体期变形破坏机理——以冠岭为例[J]. 工程地质学报,2023,31(6):1891-1900.
[15] 徐锦宏,黄波林,聂邦亮,等.三峡库区冠木岭危岩体涌浪风险防控研究[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报,2023,43(6):1395-1404.
[16] 殷跃平,王鲁琦,赵鹏,等.三峡库区陡岸坡溃屈失稳机理及防治研究[J]. 水利学报,2022,53(4):379-391.
[17] 刘新荣,郭雪岩,许彬,等.含消落带劣化岩体的危岩边坡动积累损伤机制研究[J]. 岩土力学,2023,44(3):637-648.
[18] 冯文凯,易小宇,孟睿,等.三峡库区木鱼包滑坡不同库水升降速率变形响应离心模型试验研究[J]. 水利学报,2021,52(5):578-588.
[19] 刘新荣,郭雪岩,周小涵,等.库岸危岩剪切带﹣基岩界宏细观剪切贯通机制及学特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2024,43(5):1096-1109.
[20] 刘新荣,李沛瑶,刘馨琳,等.库升降作下灰岩岸坡稳定性数值研究[J]. 自然灾害学报,2024,33(5):23-37.
[21] 刘新荣,景瑞,缪露莉,等.巫段消落带岸坡库岸再造模式及典型案例分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2020,39(7):1322-1332.
[22] 王丰.奉节消落带岸坡稳定性评价[D]. 北京:中国地质大学,2019.
[23] 徐洪,周鹏,吴孟,等.三峡工程重庆库区长江干流奉节县消落带区岩体劣化调(勘)查报告[Z]. 重庆:重庆地质矿产研究院.2022.
[24] 温健,杨乐,钟琳琳,等.重庆市三峡库区奉节县永乐镇夔门崩塌勘查报告[Z]. 重庆:重庆六零七工程勘察设计有限公司,2023.
[25] 温健,杨乐,钟琳琳,等.三峡库区重庆市奉节县古栈道3号危岩勘查报告[Z]. 重庆:重庆六零七工程勘察设计有限公司,2023.
[26] 温健,杨乐,钟琳琳,等.三峡库区重庆市奉节县谭子涯危岩勘查报告[Z]. 重庆:重庆六零七工程勘察设计有限公司,2023.
[27] 张鹏,张森林,黄波林,等.岸坡消落带岩体劣化的新生型滑坡(崩塌)隐患演化模式研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2021,29(5):1416-1426.
[28] 景瑞.消落带岸坡变形破坏模式及反倾层状岩质岸坡稳定性分析与评价[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2020.
[29] 张国栋,夏文中,何钰铭,等.三峡库区碳酸岩岸坡消落带岩体劣化特性[J]. 山地学报,2024,42(1):70-80.
[30] 胡雷,张鹏,黄波林.三峡库区典型岩溶岸坡危岩体失稳模式和长期稳定性分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(5):64-73.
[31] 王恒.三峡库区危岩体劣化特征及变形破坏模式研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2019,38(12):92-96.
[32] 王平,胡明军,黄波林,等.三峡库区巫峡剪刀峰顺层岩质岸坡破坏模式分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(5):52-61.
[33] 黄波林,殷跃平,张枝华,等.三峡工程库区岩溶岸坡消落带岩体劣化特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2019,38(9):1786-1796.
[34] 黄波林,殷跃平,李滨,等.三峡工程库区岩溶岸坡岩体劣化及其灾变效应[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(4):51-61.
[35] 杨何,汤明高,许强,等.三峡库区消落带岸坡岩体劣化特性测试及质量评价[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(11):1360-1371.
[36] 中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.岩土工程勘察规范(GB50021)[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
