[1] 钱七虎. 利用地下空间助力发展绿色建筑与绿色城市[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2019, 39(11): 1737-1747.
[2] 陈志龙, 焦栋.2023中国城市地下空间发展蓝皮书[M]. 北京:中国工程院战略咨询中心, 2023.
[3] 王大川, 周铁军, 张海滨, 等.基于亚安全区的深层地下空间疏散组织策略[J]. 新建筑, 2021(1): 47-52.
[4] 潘高, 王大川, 周铁军, 等.深层地下车站疏散安全挑战及组织策略探析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2022, 18(4): 1051-1061, 1074.
[5] Okumura T, Suzuki K, Fukuda A, et al. The Tokyo subway sarin attack: disaster management, Part 2:Hospital response[J]. Academic Emergency Medicine, 2014, 5(6) : 618-624.
[6] 袁红, Oleg Larin, 李翔. 地铁交通潜在安全风险分析与管控策略——以莫斯科地铁突发事故为例[J]. 建设科技, 2024(7): 61-63, 67.
[7] 《隧道建设》编辑部. 俄紧急情况部:莫斯科地铁大火起因是电线短路[J]. 隧道建设, 2013, 33(6): 473.
[8] 朱梓媛. 突发自然灾害治理中的组织协作研究——以“7·20”河南郑州特大暴雨为[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2023.
[9] 刘伯夫,裴伟,唐桂林,等. 深埋轨道交通车站消防设计要点分析[J]. 上海建设科技,2022(4):22-25.
[10] 梁正,黄寅,周铁军.深埋轨道交通车站的消防安全疏散设计研究[J]. 中国市政工程, 2022 (6): 93-96, 127-128.
[11] 吴頔. 重庆地下商业建筑消防疏散行为影响要素研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[12] 师龙. 基于应急疏散的地下空间亚安全区防火安全设计研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2022.
[13] 邬锦. 超深地下公共空间安全疏散设计研究[D]. 重庆:重庆交通大学, 2022.
[14] 秦学思. 深埋地下空间电梯楼梯协同疏散研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2020.
[15] 杨萍茹,郑波涛,廖龙涛,等.深埋地下空间电梯楼梯协同疏散的仿真实验研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(3):163-167.
[16] 胡望社, 李俊钊, 李自力,等. 基于pathfinder的超深地下公共空间垂直疏散体设计——以青岛某地下人防工程为例[J]. 后勤工程学院学报,2015,31(6):27-32.
[17] Bukowski R W. Emergency egress strategies for buildings[A]//GRAYSON S. Interflam 2007 Interscience Communications[C]. London:NIST,2007: 159-168.
[18] 丁元春. 高层建筑人群垂直疏散特性与疏散策略计算机仿真研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学,2015.
[19] 魏驰原. 地下空间楼梯坡度对人员上行疏散效率影响研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2022.
[20] Velasco A. The effect of fatigue during deep metro evacuations and its implications on evacuation modelling tools[D]. Lund:Lund University, 2018.
[21] Butler K, Kuligowski E, Furman S, et al. Perspectives of occupants with mobility impairments on evacuation methods for use during fire emergencies[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2017, 91: 955-963.
[22] Ji X F, Zhan J, Ran B.A study on pedestrian choice between stairway and escalator in the transfer station based on floor field cellular automata[J]. Fire Science Reviews,2013,392(20):5089-5100.
[23] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.地铁设计防火标准(GB 51298-2018)[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[24] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑防火通用规范(GB 55037-202)[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2022.
[25] 中国国家标准化管理委员会.用于辅助建筑物人员疏散的电梯要求(GB/T 41122-2021)[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2021.
[26] Klote J H, Levin B M, Groner N E. Emergency elevator evacuation systems[A]//Elevators, Fire and Accessibility Proceedings, 2nd Symposium[C]. Baltimore:American Society and Mechanical Engineers,1995.
[27] Averill J D, Peacock R D,Kuligowski E D.Analysis of the evacuation of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11,2001[J]. Fire Technology,2013,49(1): 37-63.
[28] 王跃琴,陈先斌,Aisekiza W.高层建筑火灾中利用电梯疏散的可行性研究——广岛Motomachi高层公寓安全疏散案例研究[J]. 消防技术与产品信息,2002(10):52-55.
[29] Kinsey M J. Vertical transport evacuation modelling[D]. London:University of Greenwich, 2011.
[30] Kinateder M, Omori H, Kuligowski E. The use of elevators for evacuation in fire emergencies in international buildings[R]. Maryland, USA, 2014.
[31] International Code Council, International building Code[S]. Washington, USA, 2012.
[32] Sumner P.Exploring the concept of using lifts to assist the evacuation of very tall buildings[A]// proceedings of the Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Lift and Escalator Technologies[C]. Northampton, 2016.
[33] TheNational Fire Protection Association, Building Construction and Safety Code[S]. Quincy, USA., 2021.
[34] 宋英华,余武静,吕伟.高层公寓式住宅建筑电梯协同楼梯疏散策略研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术,2020,16(6):116-121.
[35] Minegishi Y. Occupant evacuation elevators as a measure for crowd management and evacuation for people with mobility impairments in high‐rise buildings[J]. Japan Architectural Review, 2021, 4(2): 391- 402.
[36] Reneke P A, Peacock R D, Hoskins B L. Combined stairwell and elevator use during building evacuation[R]. Gaithersburg Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2013.
[37] Ding N, Chen T, Luh P B, et al. Optimization of elevator evacuation considering potential over crowding[A]// Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation[C]. IEEE,Shenyang, China,2014.
[38] Rahouti A, Lovreglio R, Nilsson D, et al. Investigating evacuation behaviour in retirement facilities: case studies from New Zealand[J]. Fire Technology, 2021,57:1015-1039.
[39] UOM. Property and Campus Services-Emerency Management[EB/OL]. http://www.pb.unimelb.edu.au/emergency/emergencies/evacuation/evacuees.html,2011.
[40] 于水军,谢高超,潘荣锟,等.建筑火灾中残疾人安全疏散问题研究[J]. 教育教学论坛,2020(4):141-143.
[41] 唐春雨. 高层建筑火灾情况下电梯疏散安全可靠性研究[D]. 西安: 西安科技大学,2010.
[42] 王大川. 地下商业建筑人员消防疏散行为与可计算模型研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学,2022.
[43] Lane B, Lamont S. Arup Fire's presentation regarding tall buildings and the events of 9/11[M]. Arup Fire. London Arup. 2005.
[44] Charters D, Fraser-Mitchell J. Guidance on the emergency use of lifts or escalators for evacuation and fire and rescue service operations[M]. London: Communities and Local Government Publications, 2009.
[45] Pauls J L. Suggestions on evacuation models and research questions[A]//the 3rd International Symposium on Human Behavior in Fires[C]. Hong Kong,China,2004.
[46] 蔡佳良. 多层建筑特殊人群疏散时间及疏散特征研究[D]. 西安:长安大学,2023.
[47] Wang D C, Zhou T J, Yang G. Way-finding strategies and individual influencing factors of fire evacuation in underground commercial buildings[A]// 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering[C]. IEEE, Chengdu, China,2019:1-6.
[48] 李磊,王思维,李睿涵,等.高层建筑楼梯与电梯联合疏散模拟研究[J]. 消防科学与技术,2021,40(2):197-201.
[49] 田洪晨. 高层写字楼火灾混合疏散策略研究[D]. 天津:天津理工大学,2021.
[50] National Fire Protection Association,Life safety code[S]. Quincy, Mass,2021.
[51] Ronchi E, Norén J, Delin M, et al. Ascending evacuation in long stairways: Physical exertion, walking speed and behaviour[M]. Department of Fire Safety Engineering and Systems Safety, Lund University, 2016.
[52] Enrico R, Johan N, Mattias D, et al. Ascending evacuation in long stairways: Physical exertion, walking speed and behaviour[M]. Department of Fire Safety Engineering and Systems Safety, Lund University, 2015.
[53] Heyes E, Spearpoint M. Lifts for evacuation—human behaviour considerations[J]. Fire and Materials, 2012, 36(4): 297-308.
[54] Shiwakoti N, Tay R, Stasinopoulos P, et al. Likely behaviours of passengers under emergency evacuation in train station[J]. Safety Science, 2017, 91:40-48.
[55] Pan F, Zhang L, Qi R, et al. Analysis of psychologies and behaviors of subway crowds under special events based on survey[J]. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2021, 13(4):460-475.
[56] Li L H, Ding N, Ma Y P, et al. Social Relation Network and group behavior based on evacuation experiments[J]. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics And ITS Applications, 2020, 545: 123518.
[57] Ding N, Chen T, Zhang H. Experimental study of elevator loading and unloading time during evacuation in high-rise buildings[J]. Fire technology, 2017, 53(1): 29-42.
[58] Ma Y P, Li L, Ding N, et al. Experimental study on evacuation process considering social relation in a tall building[A]//proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition[C]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Phoenix, Arizona, USA,2016.
[59] Sharma T S.Feasibility and design considerations for the use of lifts as an emergency exit in apartment buildings[D]. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology, 2008.
[60] 洪玲,徐瑞华,段晓英.基于动态切换的城市轨道交通车站应急疏散模型[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(1):87-94.
[61] Lay S.Alternative evacuation design solutions for high-rise buildings[J]. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2007, 16(4):487-500.
[62] Kobes M, Helsloot I, De Vries B, et al. Building safety and human behaviour in fire: A literature review[J]. Fire Satety Journal, 2010, 45(1):1-11.
[63] Gramal T L, Roberts D J.Qualitative overview of some important factors affecting the egress of people in hotel fires[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management,2000, 19(1):79-87.
[64] Halder A, Kuklane K, Miller M, et al. Physiological capacity during simulated stair climbing evacuation at maximum speed until exhaustion[J]. Fire Technology, 2021,57(2):767-790.
[65] Mossberg A, Nilsson D, Andrée K.Unannounced evacuation experiment in a high-rise Hotel building with evacuation elevators: A Study of Evacuation Behaviour Using Eye-Tracking[J]. Fire Technology, 2021, 57(3): 1259-1281.
[66] 王瑞.基于疏散问题的地铁域地下商业空间优化设计研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2018.
[67] Mossberg A, Nilsson D, Wahlqvist J. Evacuation elevators in an underground metro station: A Virtual Reality evacuation experiment[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2021, 120: 103091.
[68] Kinateder M, Ronchi E, Nilsson D, et al. Virtual reality for fire evacuation research[A]//proceedings of the 2014 federated conference on computer science and information systems[C]. Warsaw, Poland, IEEE,2014: 313-321.
[69] Haghani M, Sarvi M. Crowd behaviour and motion: Empirical methods[J]. Transportation research part B: methodological, 2018, 107: 253-293.
[70] Council N R. Underground engineering for sustainable urban development[M]. New York: National Academies Press, 2013.
[71] Ding N, Chen T, Zhu Y, et al. State-of-the-art high-rise building emergency evacuation behavior[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2021, 561: 125168.
[72] Turhanlar D, He Y P, Stone G. The use of lifts for emergency evacuation-A reliability study[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2013, 62: 680-689.
[73] 周铁军.亚安全区条件下城市深层地下建筑空间模型构建[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2023.
[74] 胡望社, 李俊钊, 李自力, 等.垂直疏散体在超深地下公共空间的应用研究——以青岛某地下人防工程为例[J]. 南方建筑, 2015(5): 89-92.
[75] 董莉莉, 胡望社, 邬锦, 等.超深地下公共空间安全疏散设计[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2021.
[76] 王文龙.高层建筑消防电梯设计分析[J]. 低碳世界,2021,11(2):103-104.
[77] 刘皓炯.一种防火防烟电梯层门[P]. 中国专利:202320817672.6, 2023-11-03.
[78] 刘建民. 高层建筑火灾情况下利用电梯疏散的安全措施研究[A]//中国土木工程学会工程防火技术分会成立大会暨学术交流会论文集[C]. 2012:107-110.
[79] Liaw L W. Lift Reliability for occupant evacuation[D]. Penrith: University of Western Sydeny, 2006.
[80] Chien S, Wen W. A research of the elevator evacuation performance and strategies for Taipei 101 Financial Center[J]. Journal of Disaster Research, 2011, 6(6): 581-590.
[81] Chen J, Ma J, Luo S M. Event-driven modeling of elevator assisted evacuation in ultra high-rise buildings[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2017, 74: 99-116.
[82] Chen S, Shang M H, Wang J P. Evacuation strategies for vertical ship lift during initial fire: Integrated application of stairs and elevators[J]. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 2021, 8(1): 135-147.
[83] Ronchi E, Nilsson D. Fire evacuation in high-rise buildings: a review of human behaviour and modelling research[J]. Fire Science Reviews,2013,2(1): 1-21.
[84] Gwynne S, Galea E R, Owen M, et al. A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment[J]. Building and Environment,1999, 34(6): 741-749.
[85] International Code Council, International Building Code[S]. Washington, DC: 2018.
[86] 李田生,邓建国,秦焰宏,等.深埋地下人员密集场所电梯与楼梯协同疏散的电梯运行参数研究[J]. 安全与环境工程,2019,26(1):87-92.
[87] Ronchi E. Developing and validating evacuation models for fire safety engineering[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2021, 120: 103020.
[88] Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J]. Nature,2000, 407(6803): 487-490.
[89] Snape J, Van Den Berg J, Guy S J, et al. Smooth and collision-free navigation for multiple robots under differential-drive constraints[A]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems[C]. IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, China, 2010.