本研究的目的在于解决地下空间采光存在的深层空间采光量不足和天然光线利用不充分等问题,提出了一种整合光学材料的新型采光井以优化天然光在地下空间中的分配,进而提升空间使用者在地下各层的空间明亮感受。经理论分析,设计了具有光线偏转作用的光学材料,通过整合此光学材料的3种不同形式采光井与常规采光井的性能比较后进行择优。通过缩尺物理模型在人工天空平台中开展试验,采用Lav,B40(以正常眼高为中心的40°宽水平带内的平均亮度)作为空间视亮度的评价指标,结合空间视亮度数据对比不同形式采光井的采光效果。结果表明:整合的光学材料对比通高井,地下空间的空间视亮度提高40%~60%,其中地下一层倒锥形采光井的具有更好的收集作用,而在远离天窗的地下二层和三层,采光井的平面尺寸越接近天窗尺寸则天然光的发散效果越佳;整合光学材料的采光井在地下空间具有显著的采光优化效果,可提供使用人员昼夜节律感受并降低人工照明能耗;采光井形式对地下空间的光环境优化有较大影响,即接近天窗的地下层宜采用倒锥形形式,远离天窗的地下层的采光井宜接近天窗尺寸。
The purpose of this study is to solve the problems of underground space lighting, such as insufficient lighting in deep areas and the insufficient use of daylight, and to propose a new type of underground space daylighting wells integrating optical materials to optimize the distribution of daylight in the underground space, thereby enhancing the perceived brightness for users in underground levels. After theoretical analysis, an optical material with light deflection is designed. And the performance of three different daylighting well designs integrating this optical material was compared with conventional wells and optimized accordingly. The experiments were carried out in an artificial sky platform by means of a scaled-down physical model, using Lav,B40 (average luminance of horizontal band width 40° centered on the normal view height) as the evaluation index of spatial visual brightness, and comparing the light-gathering effects of different forms of daylighting wells with the spatial visual brightness data. The results show that: The integrated optical material improves the spatial visual brightness of underground space by 40%~60% compared with the through-well, in which the inverted cone daylighting wells in the first basement level have a better collection effect, and in the second and third basement levels away from the skylight, the closer the plane size of the daylighting wells is to the size of the skylight, the better the dispersion of the daylight is. It is concluded that: (1) daylighting wells integrating optical materials have significant lighting optimization effect in underground space, which can provide users with circadian rhythm sensation and reduce the energy consumption of artificial lighting; (2) the form of daylighting wells has a greater impact on the optimization of the light environment in underground space, that is preferable to adopt inverted cone form in the basement floor close to skylights, and it is preferable to use daylighting wells near skylight dimensions in the basement floor far away from skylights.
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