为了减小高黏土矿物地层大直径泥水盾构刀盘结泥饼的风险,以实际工程为依托采用数值模拟方法建立了盾构刀盘及冲刷系统三维数值模型,研究了刀盘附近区域流场的分布特性,并对中心冲刷孔角度进行了多工况优化设计,结果表明:静止域②中心区域泥浆流速整体高于外侧区域泥浆流速,但中心区域部分位置泥浆流速降幅较大,刀具切削下的渣土在刀盘后面板仍有重新聚集形成大块泥饼堵塞刀盘的风险;当中心冲刷孔②和③的冲刷角度布置为45°时对外侧区域的冲刷更充分,布置为90°时对外侧区域的冲刷效果最差;依4种工况在静止域②、旋转域、静止域①的流线表现因素可判断冲刷角度设计优先级排序为:工况2＞工况3＞工况1＞工况4,即冲刷孔冲刷角度排序为45°>70°>20°>90°,研究结果可作为刀盘冲刷系统设计优化的理论依据。
In order to reduce the risk of mud cake formation in large-diameter slurry shield tunneling cutterheads in high clay mineral formations, a three-dimensional numerical model of the shield cutterhead and scouring system is established using numerical simulation methods based on actual engineering. The distribution characteristics of the flow field near the cutterhead were studied, and the angle of the central scouring hole was optimized under multiple working conditions. The results show that: The overall mud flow rate in the center area of the static region ② was higher than that in the outer area. However, there is a significant decrease in the mud flow rate in some parts of the central area, and there is still a risk of the debris from the cutting tools gathering again on the back panel of the cutter head, forming large mud cakes that can block the cutter head; When the scouring angles of the central scouring holes ② and ③ are arranged at 45°, the scouring effect on the outer area is more thorough, and when they are arranged at 90°, the scouring effect on the outer area is the worst; According to the streamline performance factors of the four working conditions in the stationary region ②, rotating region, and stationary region ①, the priority order of erosion angle design can be determined as follows: working condition 2>working condition 3>working condition 1>working condition 4, that is, the order of erosion hole brushing angle is 45°>70°>20°>90°, the research results can serve as a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of the cutter head erosion system.
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