理论与试验研究

PDC钻头减振切削破岩载荷特性研究

  • 任海涛 ,
  • 周胜 ,
  • 周春晓 ,
  • 贾新 ,
  • 杨迎新
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  • 1.油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室(西南石油大学),成都 610500;
    2.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,成都 610500
任海涛(1982—),男,黑龙江黑河人,博士,副研究员,主要从事钻进岩石破碎学与钻头技术研究工作。E-mail:renhaitao781026@163.com

收稿日期: 2024-12-29

  网络出版日期: 2025-09-03

基金资助

南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作项目(SXHZ014);油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室开放基金(PLN2021-18)

Research on Load Characteristics of PDC Bit Rock-Breaking Cutting with Vibration Suppression

  • Ren Haitao ,
  • Zhou Sheng ,
  • Zhou Chunxiao ,
  • Jia Xin ,
  • Yang Yingxin
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), Chengdu 610500, P.R. China;
    2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P.R. China

Received date: 2024-12-29

  Online published: 2025-09-03

摘要

PDC钻头钻遇砾石地层、软硬交替地层,以及定向钻井等复杂工况下,常遭遇频繁的冲击载荷,导致切削齿崩齿、脱层、掉齿和断齿等异常疲劳失效事故的发生,大大降低了钻头的使用寿命和钻进效率。柔性切削破岩的技术理念是指通过设置缓冲元件来降低切削刚度,将切削过程中遭受的冲击载荷幅值限制在一定范围内,达到减缓切削齿疲劳损伤,延长钻头使用寿命的目的。通过在灰岩上开展柔性切削单元试验,分析了切削深度、前倾角度及缓冲单元组合方式等因素对柔性单元缓冲效果的影响规律。结果表明:柔性切削能将切削载荷峰值降低20%~35%;柔性缓冲效果与缓冲单元组合刚度、前倾角都呈正相关趋势,最佳缓冲元件组合为2片A型碟簧串联和15°前倾角度。

本文引用格式

任海涛 , 周胜 , 周春晓 , 贾新 , 杨迎新 . PDC钻头减振切削破岩载荷特性研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2025 , 21(4) : 1269 -1277 . DOI: 10.20174/j.JUSE.2025.04.18

Abstract

PDC drill bits often encounter frequent impact loads when drilling through formations containing gravel, alternating soft and hard formations, and performing directional drilling under complex operating conditions. These impact loads can lead to abnormal fatigue failures, such as tooth cracking, delamination of composite sheet, falling out of the teeth and broken teeth, greatly reducing the drill bit's service life and drilling efficiency. The concept of flexible rock cutting technology refers to the use of damping elements to reduce cutting stiffness, thereby limiting the magnitude of impact loads encountered during the cutting process within a certain range. The aim is to mitigate the fatigue damage of the cutter and extend the service life of the drill bit. By conducting experiments on flexible cutting units on limestone, the influence of factors such as cutting depth, rake angle, and the combination of damping units on the damping effect of flexible units are analyzed. The results show that: The flexible cutting can reduce the peak cutting load by 20% to 35%. The damping effect of the flexible unit shows a positive correlation with the combination stiffness of the damping units and the rake angle. The optimal combination for damping elements is a series connection of two A-type disc springs, and the optimal rake angle is 15°.

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