防空洞是重庆城市地下空间的重要组成部分,在抗战时期作为军民生产生活的避难所,提升了城市总体防护能力,为抗战提供了有效保障。如今,抗战时期重庆城区防空洞的再利用存在空间利用不足、设计理念不明等问题。因此,依托适应性再利用相关理论针对抗战时期重庆城区防空洞适应性再利用进行专门研究。首先,通过转化和再利用防空洞原有功能与空间,延续旧功能,使旧功能与新功能相融合,从而拓展新功能。其次,将现存战时防空洞的空间和功能进行地域特征表达、内部空间形态优化、生态景观展现、功能效率升级、安全性能提升的适应性再利用设计,以提高和延长战时防空洞的使用效率和寿命。最后,根据战时防空洞独有的地域特征,提出多元化融合规划、人防功能与防灾救助相结合、军用与民用功能相融合的适应性再利用设计策略,以期在平战结合背景下更好地发挥抗战时期重庆城区防空洞的文化与社会经济效益。
Air-raid shelter is an important component of the underground space in Chongqing city. During the Anti-Japanese War period, they served as shelters for military and civilian production and life, enhancing the overall protection capacity of the city and providing effective protection for the war. Nowadays, there are problems with insufficient space utilization and unclear design concepts in the reuse of air raid shelters in the urban areas of Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. Therefore, specialized research on the adaptive reuse of air defense shelters in the urban areas of Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War period is conducted. Based on relevant theories of adaptive reuse, firstly, by transforming and reusing the original functions and spaces of air defense shelters, the old functions is continued, the old functions is integrated with the new functions to expand the new functions. Secondly, the existing wartime air defense voids should be designed for adaptive reuse by expressing regional characteristics, optimizing internal spatial forms, showcasing ecological landscapes, upgrading functional efficiency, and enhancing safety performance, in order to improve and extend the efficiency and lifespan of wartime air defense voids. Finally, based on the unique regional characteristics of wartime air defense shelters, a diversified integration plan, a combination of civil defense functions and disaster prevention and rescue, and an adaptive reuse design strategy that integrates military and civilian functions are proposed, in order to better leverage the cultural and socio-economic benefits of air defense shelters in the Chongqing urban area during the Anti-Japanese War in the context of peace and war integration.
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