隧道近距离下穿采空区是地下工程施工过程中要面对的重大技术难题。以成自高铁白云山隧道为工程背景,通过FLAC3D分析无水与含水两种采空区状况下隧道稳定性,优化原有的加固方案。结果表明:不同工况未注浆的隧道开挖施工后,采空区左端均呈现应力集中,隧道上方塑性区范围较大,破坏较严重,拱底竖直位移超出相关规范控制值,隧道施工存在安全隐患;采空区无水工况下,当采空区与隧道距离小于4.5 m时进行140°半包围注浆,采空区距离隧道4.5~9 m时进行全包围注浆,采空区与隧道相距超过9 m时不注浆,加固方案可以满足安全要求;采空区含水工况下,围岩遇水软化,破损程度加剧,隧道拱顶孔隙水压较大,存在涌水风险,全包围注浆范围需扩大为采空区与隧道相距4.5~10 m处,其他隧道段支护形式与采空区无水工况下相同即可;现场监测结果显示隧道稳定性得到了保障。
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