U型盾构是我国研发的用于基坑施工的移动机械支护结构,为了合理设计U型盾构和确定反力拆除时机,根据盾构施工过程和其受力模式,分析和确定了U型盾构顶推力和反力拆除时机的计算公式和方法,结果表明:(1)U型盾构两侧所受的土压力符合朗肯主动土压力理论,通过对现场顶推力实测结果的分析证明了假设的合理性;(2)提出了U型盾构设计顶推力和反力拆除时机的计算公式;(3)结合具体工程,比较分析了计算值、设计值和实测值存在偏差的原因,为保证设备冗余度和简化计算,建议应统一按无粘性土进行主动土压力和侧摩阻力的计算,最大顶推力按计算值的1.3~1.5倍设计时,设备能力相对较为经济;(4)在确定反力拆除时机时,可按U型盾构设计的最大推力和管节与周边的摩擦抵抗力初步估算,并根据实际顶推力进行修正后确定;(5)本文计算分析结果可作为今后U型盾构优化设计和施工的参考和借鉴。
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