石窟寺作为重要历史文物,其保护利用工作越来越重要,但在冷热交替的长期作用下,石窟岩体的物理力学性质会发生一定程度的改变。本文选取重庆大足石刻砂岩,通过质量对比、纵波波速测试、CT扫描、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)分析,对冷热交替作用后石窟砂岩的劣化特性开展研究。试验过程设计不同冷热循环次数、不同高温和低温持续时间、不同冷却方式等多种试验工况,分析了石窟砂岩质量、纵波波速、裂隙发育、矿物元素组成和内部孔隙的变化规律。结果表明:(1) 经过多次冷热循环,砂岩纵波波速降低,并且变化幅度受冷热循环次数和冷却方式的影响;(2) 当冷热循环过程中采用水冷却方式,砂岩中可溶盐矿物会逐渐流失,导致岩样孔隙增大,进而产生裂隙。
Grotto temples are important historical relics, and their protection and utilization are becoming increasingly important. However, under the effect of cooling and heating for a long time, the physical and mechanical properties of the grotto rock mass will change in a certain. In this paper, the sandstone of Dazu grottoes in Chongqing was taken as the research object, and the deterioration properties of the grotto sandstone were studied through the mass, longitudinal wave velocity test, CT scanning, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The experimental process involves multiple conditions such as different heating-cooling cycle times, different durations of high and low temperatures, and different cooling methods. These test conditions are designed to analyze the effects of different temperature changes on the quality, longitudinal wave velocity, fracture development, mineral element composition, and internal pores of grotto sandstone. The results show that: (1) The longitudinal wave velocity of sandstone decreased after multiple heating-cooling cycles. The degree of reduction was influenced by the number cycles and the cooling methods. (2) As water cooling method was used during the experiment, soluble salt minerals in sandstone would gradually lose, which leaded to an increase in pore size of the rock sample and the formation of cracks.
[1] 朱鹏熹, 王成龙,蒋思维, 等. 温度影响下石窟砂岩力学特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2024,43,(增1): 3310-3320. (Zhu Pengxi, Wang Chenglong, Jiang Siwei, et al. Experimental study on mechanical properties of sandstone in grottoes under temperature influence[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2024,43,(Supp. 1): 3310-3320. (in Chinese))
[2] Li M, Liu X S. Effect of thermal treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone: Insights from experiments and simulations [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022, 55(6): 3171-3194.
[3] Tian H, Kempka T, Xu N X, et al. Physical properties of sandstones after high temperature treatment [J]. Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 2012, 45(6): 1113-1117.
[4] Liu, S, Xu J Y. An experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of two post-high-temperature rocks [J]. Engineering Geology, 2015, 105: 63-70.
[5] Shi X S, Jing H W, Yin Q, et al. Investigation on physical and mechanical properties of bedded sandstone after high-temperature exposure [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2020, 79(5): 2591-2606.
[6] Huang Z, Zeng W, Wu Y, et al. Effects of temperature and acid solution on the physical and tensile mechanical properties of redsandstones [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021, 28(16): 20608-20623.
[7] 李春. 冷热交替作用下花岗岩物理力学特性演化规律研究[D]. 太原:太原理工大学,2020.(Li Chun. Study of the evolution of granite's physical and mechanical properties under heating and cooling alternating[D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese))
[8] 杜守继, 马明, 陈浩华, 等. 花岗岩经历不同高温后纵波波速分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2003,22(11): 1803-1806. (Du Shouji, Ma Ming, Chen Haohua, et al. Testing study on longitudinal wave characteristics of granite after high temperature [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock mechanics and Engineering, 2003,22(11): 1803-1806. (in Chinese))
[9] 靳佩桦, 胡耀青, 邵继喜, 等. 急剧冷却后花岗岩物理力学及渗透性质试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(11): 2556-2564. (Jin Peihua, Hu Yaoqing, Shao Jixi, et al. Experimental study on physico-mechanical and transport properties of granite subjected to rapid cooling [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2018,37 (11): 2556-2564. (in Chinese))
[10] 王虎,吴云,王磊, 等.高温作用后红砂岩孔隙结构及抗拉强度劣化试验研究[J]. 水利水电技术(中英文),2023,54(5): 159-167(Wang Hu, Wu Yun, Wang Lei, et al. Experimental study on pore structure and tensile strength deterioration of red sandstone after high temperature [J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering.2023,54(5): 159-167 (in Chinese))
[11] 邵继喜. 热—力作用下砂岩损伤破裂演化规律实验研究[D]. 太原:太原理工大学, 2018. (Experimental study on the damage evolution of sandstone under thermo-mechanical coupling [D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese))
[12] 明杏芬,范成伟. 温度循环对岩石物理力学性质影响[J]. 科学技术与工程,2017, 17(13): 261-265.( Ming Xingfen, Fan Chengwei. Effect of freezing-thawing cycle on the physical and mechanical properties of granite [J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(13): 261-265. (in Chinese))
[13] 王鹏,许金余,刘石, 等.热损伤砂岩力学与超声时频特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2014, 33(9): 1897-1904. (Wang Peng, Xu Jinyu, Liu Shi, et al. Mechanical properties and ultrasonic time-frequency characteristics of thermally damaged sandstone [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014,33 (9): 1897-1904. ( in Chinese))
[14] 兰恒星, 吕洪涛, 包含, 等. 石窟寺岩体劣化机制与失稳机理研究进展[J]. 地球科学, 2022, 48(4): 1603-1633. (Lan Hengxing, Lv Hongtao,Bao Han, et al. Advances in degradation and instability mechanism of grotto temple rock mass [J]. Earth Science, 2022,48(4): 1603-1633. (in Chinese))
[15] 李震, 张景科, 刘盾, 等. 大足石刻小佛湾造像砂岩室内模拟劣化试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(8): 1513-1521. (Li Zhen, Zhang Jingke, Liu Dun, et al. Experimental study on indoor simulated deterioration of sandstone of Xiaofowan statues at Dazu Rock Carvings [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(8): 1513-1521. (in Chinese))
[16] 黄军朋. 大足石刻卧佛摩崖造像岩体表层风化特征及机理初探[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2018. (Huang Junpeng. Surface weathering characteristics and mechanism study on Dazu Rock Carving Niche of Sakyamuni Entering Nirvana [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018. (in Chinese))
[17] 赵岗,刘丹,蒋思维, 等.大足石刻石篆山危岩体稳定性评价及加固方案[J/OL]. 土木与环境工程学报(中英文),2023. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1218.TU.20230907.0914.004.html.( Zhao Gang, Liu Dan, Jiang Siwei, et al. Stability evaluation and reinforcement scheme of dangerous rock mass in Shizhuan Mountain of Dazu Rock Carvings[J/OL]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2023. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1218.TU.20230907.0914.004.html. (in Chinese))
[18] 李金文. 大足北山石刻水文地质模型及渗水特征[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2023.(Li Jinwen. Hydrogeological model and seepage characteristics of Dazu Beishan Rock Carvings [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, (in Chinese))
[19] 方芳, 方云, 燕学锋, 等. 重庆大足石刻千手手观音造像区地下水渗流机制分析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2009, 21(4): 1-4. (Fang Fang, Fang Yun, Yan Xuefeng. Groundwater seepage mechanism in the area of the thousand armed guan yin at Dazu stone carvings, Chongqing[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 2009, 21(4): 1-4. (in Chinese))
[20] 张兵峰, 蒋思维. 重庆大足石刻大佛湾渗水病害初探[J]. 中国文物科学研究, 2016 (1): 68-71.(Zhang Bingfeng, Jiang Siwei. Preliminary exploration of water seepage disease on big buddha bay of Dazu rock carving[J]. China Cultural Heritage Scientific Research, 2016 (1): 68-71. (in Chinese))
