软岩隧洞大变形控制是长距离引调水工程中难以避免的技术难题。滇中引水工程输水总干渠昆明段蔡家村隧洞埋深大,成岩年代久远,断层构造和节理裂隙发育,施工过程中软岩洞段频繁发生造成侵限换拱的大变形,对工程建设安全、进度和成本构成严重威胁。总结分析了隧洞建设过程中出现的大变形情况和原因,并以4#施工支洞上游主洞段为例,通过数值仿真分析等手段,研究了大变形特征和处理措施的有效性,在此基础上提出了基于强度和强度应力比的大变形分级评价标准和包括开挖台阶、预留变形量、超前支护、一次支护和垫层等在内的综合处理措指南,有效解决了后续软岩洞段的大变形问题。研究成果可为类似地质条件下的隧洞建设提供经验借鉴。
Large deformation control of soft rock tunnel is an unavoidable technical problem in long-distance water diversion project. The depth of Caijiacun tunnel in Kunming section of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project is generally large. Also, fault structure and joint fissure are developed as long diagenetic age. During the construction process, the frequent occurrence of large deformations in the soft rock cave section causing intrusion and arch replacement poses a serious threat to the safety, progress, and cost of engineering construction. The large deformation conditions and reasons in the process of tunnel construction are summarized, and taking the upstream section of the 4# branch as an example to analyze deformation characteristics and the effectiveness of treatment measures using numerical simulation analysis method. On this basis, evaluation criteria of large deformation classification based on strength and strength-stress ratio is proposed. Also, comprehensive treatment guidelines including excavation bench, deformation allowance, advanced support, primary support and bedding layer is established, which effectively solves large deformation problems in subsequent soft rock tunnel sections. The research results can provide experience for tunnel construction under similar geological conditions.
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