In recent years, with the rapid development of China's cities, the increase of urban population, land resource constraints, and the development needs of national security strategies, the use of deep underground space to seek development and security has become the consensus of many urban development. Deep underground space is different from surface and shallow underground space, and its underground characteristics are more obvious and complex, and more difficult to build. By analyzing the problems and challenges faced by the development of deep underground space in China's cities, the history and current situation of the development of deep underground space in China are found that the development depth of underground space has been continuously promoted and the functions have been gradually enriched. Then, we analyze the influencing factors of deep underground space from six aspects: economic development level, topographic environment elements, psychological factors, population density, underground space environment geothermal temperature, geological type and underground space hydrological environment, and explore the characteristic law of developing deep underground space in Chinese cities. Combined with the national urban development goals and strategies in the new period, we discuss and consider the future development of deep underground space in China, and conclude that deep underground space in China should achieve "four concerns". First, focus on the strategic planning of deep underground space to serve the overall needs of the country; second, focus on the development of deep underground space with regional differences between the north and the south; third, focus on the construction of people-oriented deep underground space environment; fourth, focus on the integration of deep underground space construction from shallow to deep. The above four points will be taken as the key elements for the development of deep underground space in China, in order to provide useful reference for the development of deep underground space in China and promote the sustainable development of cities in the future.
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