为解决覆岩无明显厚、硬岩层采动过程中难以形成满足注浆充填所需求的大而连续离层空间的问题,提出覆岩多离层梯级注浆技术,通过相似材料模拟试验对多离层注浆充填覆岩时空演化规律进行了研究,并在霍尔辛赫煤矿3501工作面进行了现场工程试验。结果表明:(1)在覆岩无法形成大而连续的离层空间时,通过由低位离层向高位离层转移的梯级注浆技术,形成等效充填体协同控制覆岩,多离层梯级注浆对比单纯垮落法开采减沉率达到了68.2%,有效减少了地表沉降;(2)现场进行离层注浆后,预期保护建(构)筑物的变形情况满足“三下”压煤规范Ⅰ级损坏等级标准。此技术为控制由煤炭资源开采引起的地表沉陷,解放“三下”压煤提供了一种有效方法。
To solve the problem of difficulty in forming large and continuous separation spaces that meet the requirements of grouting and filling during the mining process of hard rock layers with no obvious thickness of overlying strata, the overburden multi-separation gradient grouting technique was proposed, and the spatio-temporal evolution of overburden multi-separation layer grouting filling was investigated through similar material simulation tests, and field engineering tests were conducted at the 3501 working face of Huoerxinhe coal mine. The results show that: (1) When the overburden was unable to form a large and continuous interlayer space, it can be controlled by a graded grouting technique that transfers grouting from the lower place to the higher interlayer to form an equivalent filling body. The multi-layered graded grouting caused a 68.2% reduction rate in surface subsidence compared with the caving method. (2) After the separation grouting, it was expected that the deformation of the protected building (structure) met the standard of "three under" coal specification class I damage level.
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