根据某铜矿移动变形区治理方案,针对矿层上部冰碛物覆盖层细颗粒运移特性问题,采用三维物理模拟试验方法,模拟某铜矿自然崩落法采矿的放矿过程,通过定量的细颗粒含量变化和直观的实验现象,对比分析不同冰碛物覆盖层密实度对放矿过程中细颗粒运移特性的影响。结果表明:随着冰碛物覆盖层密实度的增大,对于细颗粒穿流效应的抑制效果具体表现为密实度为0.93>密实度为0.85>密实度为0.77;当覆盖层密实度较小时,随着放矿质量累积出矿口上部会出现“V”字形塌陷漏斗形状,而当密实度较大时,覆盖层则表现出随放矿操作整体下移现象;提高上部冰碛物覆盖层密实度能够有效地降低矿石贫化;提高矿层上部冰碛物覆盖层密实度能有效抑制细颗粒的穿流、降低矿石贫化率。本文成果可为矿区地表塌陷区域治理提供了新思路。

According to the treatment plan for the mobile deformation zone of a certain copper mine, for the upper part of the ore layer moraine cover fine particles transport characteristics of the problem, the use of three-dimensional physical simulation experiment method, simulation of a copper mine block caving method of mining ore release process.By quantitatively analyzing the change in fine particle content and observing the experimental phenomena, the influence of different compactness of the overlying moraine debris layer on the transport characteristics of fine particles during the ore release process was compared and analyzed. The research results show that: as the density of the moraine cover increases, the inhibition effect on the fine particle flow-through effect is shown as 0.93 > 0.85 > 0.77 for density; When the density of the cover layer is small, with the accumulation of the quality of the ore release, the upper part of the outlet will appear “V”-shaped collapsed funnel shape,while when the compactness is high, the overlying layer exhibits an overall downward movement during the mining operation; increasing the compactness of the overlying moraine debris layer can effectively reduce mineral impoverishment. The above results show that improving the density of the upper moraine cover of the ore layer can effectively inhibit the penetration of fine particles and reduce the depletion rate of the ore, which provides a new method and idea for the management of the surface collapse area in the mining area.