出砂是影响天然气水合物安全高效开采的关键因素之一。根据我国南海天然气水合物储层的颗粒级配配制了储层试样,利用冰粒代替水合物,通过自行研制的室内模型试验装置研究了影响水合物开采储层出砂的主要因素,分析了不同储层黏粒含量、降压幅度和防砂层粒径时的储层出砂量、防砂层挡砂量和过砂量以及储层和防砂层渗透率的变化情况。结果表明:(1)储层黏粒含量越高,储层出砂量越小,防砂层挡砂量和过砂量也越小,防砂层挡砂率越小、过砂率越大,储层渗透率的增幅越小,防砂层渗透率的降幅越小;(2)降压幅度越大,储层出砂量越大,防砂层挡砂量和过砂量也越大,防砂层挡砂率越小、过砂率越大,储层渗透率的增幅越大,防砂层渗透率的降幅越大;(3)防砂层粒径增大,储层出砂量变化不大,防砂层挡砂量减小、过砂量增大,防砂层挡砂率减小、过砂率增大,储层渗透率的变化不大,防砂层渗透率的降幅减小。
Sand production is one of the key problems restricting the safe and efficient exploitation of natural gas hydrate. The reservoir specimens were prepared according to the grain gradation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir in the South China Sea, and the ice grain was used instead of the natural gas hydrate. Through the self-developed laboratory model test device, the main factors that influence sand production from the reservoir during hydrate exploitation were studied. The variations of sand production amount of the reservoir, sand retaining and passing amounts of the sand prevention layer, and the permeabilities of the reservoir and sand prevention layer with different clay contents, depressurization amplitudes, and particle size of the sand prevention layer, were analyzed. The test results show that: (1) The higher the clay content reservoir was, the smaller the sand production amount of the reservoir, the smaller the sand retaining and passing amounts of sand prevention layer, the smaller the sand retaining rate, and the greater the sand passing rate of sand prevention layer, the smaller the extent of increase of permeability of reservoir, and the smaller the extent of decrease of permeability of sand prevention layer. (2) The greater the depressurization amplitude was, the greater the sand production amount of the reservoir, the greater the sand retaining and passing amounts of the sand prevention layer, the smaller the sand retaining rate, and the greater the sand passing rate of sand prevention layer, the greater the extent of increase of permeability of reservoir, and the greater the extent of decrease of permeability of sand prevention layer. (3) When the particle size of the sand prevention layer increased, the sand production amount of the reservoir changed very little, the sand retaining amount of the sand prevention layer decreased and the sand passing amount of the sand prevention layer increased, the sand retaining rate of sand prevention layer decreased and sand passing rate of sand prevention layer increased, the extent of increase of permeability of reservoir changed very little, and the extent of decrease of permeability of sand prevention layer decreased.
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