为了研究地下商业街不同建筑空间形态中消防疏散的问题,搭建了3组“火灾烟气+人员疏散”的仿真实验模型。经过模型调研和统计计算得出火灾荷载密度、热释放速率等数据,并通过Pyrosim和Pathfinder开展火灾及人员疏散模拟运算,对比分析不同典型空间对火灾烟气蔓延和人员疏散带来的影响。结果表明:由于不同典型空间内的火灾烟气蔓延速度不同,且火灾烟气蔓延方向与人员疏散方向基本保持一致,所以典型空间内的火灾烟气蔓延速度越快,人员安全疏散时间越短。因此,起火源在不同的典型空间的人员安全疏散效果不同,由高到低为:长廊空间、厅型空间、交汇空间。根据模拟结果分析影响疏散效率的不利因素,提出了具有针对性的地下商业街设计优化策略。
In order to study the problem of fire evacuation in different architectural spatial forms of underground commercial streets, three sets of simulation experimental models of fire smoke and personnel evacuation were constructed. After model investigation and statistical calculation, the fire load density, heat release rate and other data were obtained, and fire and evacuation simulations are carried out through Pyrosim and Pathfinder. The impact of different typical spaces on the spread of fire smoke and evacuation of personnel was compared. The results show that since the propagation rate of fire smoke in different typical spaces is different, and the direction of fire smoke spread is basically consistent with the direction of personnel evacuation, with the spread of fire smoke in a typical space is faster, the safe evacuation time of personnel is shorter. Therefore, the safe evacuation effect of personnel from fire sources in different typical spaces is different, from high to low: corridor space, hall-type space, and intersection space. According to the simulation results, the unfavorable factors affecting the evacuation efficiency are analyzed, and a targeted underground commercial street design optimization strategy is proposed.
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