为了实现高温隧道降温措施动态化、精准化设计,基于理论分析和现场实测,依托某高岩(水)温铁路隧道,对隧道内的高温热水、围岩、施工机械、水泥水化、爆破、施工人员散热量及不同降温措施冷量进行了理论分析研究,并根据风流温度和能量平衡原理得到了不同工况下高温隧道的冷量缺口。结果表明:高温围岩和超高温热水是隧道内的主要热源,其中高温热水散热量比例达到总散热量的50%以上;洞内放置冰块产生的冷量较小,通风带来的冷量较大,但其冷量会随着通风距离的增加而减小,其衰减规律可用二次曲线近似表示;200 m3/h高温热水理论计算得到的换热风流温度31.8 ℃与现场实测温度31.0 ℃基本吻合。本文采用的分析方法获得的冷量缺口可作为选择机械制冷和降温措施动态化设计的理论依据,也可为类似的高温隧道降温设计提供参考。
To realize the dynamic and accurate design of cooling measures for high-rock (water) temperature tunnels, theoretical formulas are used to conduct quantitative analysis and research on hot water, surrounding rock, construction machinery, cement hydration, blasting, constructors' dissipation sources and several different cooling measures in a tunnel, and calculates the cooling capacity gap according to the principles of air flow balance and energy balance. The result shows that surrounding rock and boiling water are the main sources of heat dissipation, of which water accounts for more than 50%; The cooling capacity of tunnel environment caused by ice blocks is small, and the cooling capacity brought by ventilation decreases with the increase of ventilation distance,and its attenuation law can be approximated by quadratic curve. The calculated heat exchange air temperature (31.8 ℃) is basically consistent with the field measured temperature (31.0 ℃), indicating the calculated cooling capacity gap can be used as the basis for selecting the power of the mechanical refrigeration. The calculation process and results in this paper can be used as the theoretical basis for the dynamic design of cooling measures of high-rock (water) temperature tunnels and can provide reference for subsequent similar high-rock (water) temperature cooling designs.
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