为了研究剪切方向与锚杆倾向共面条件下锚杆的复合锚固力计算和锚固角对有锚结构面抗剪力的影响规律,利用FLAC3D有限元软件进行数值模拟。首先,基于实体单元和接触面单元建立数值计算模型,通过物理试验结果反演数值模拟所需参数;其次,采用FLAC3D中的fish语言记录在剪切过程中结构面抗剪力随剪切位移的变化规律;最后,通过力学模型中的几何关系得到锚杆受压侧反力沿锚杆的分布函数,基于经典梁理论,根据最小势能原理和位移变分法推导出结构面处锚杆的抗剪力计算公式。结果表明:随着锚固角的增大,有锚结构面的抗剪力呈先增大后减小的趋势;当锚固角β≤90°时,锚杆的“导轨效应”较明显;锚固角β>90°时,剪切变形后,由于锚杆的变形使岩块分离。
For the purpose of studying the calculation of composite anchor force of anchor rod and the influence of anchoring angle on the surface shear force of anchored structures under the condition that the shear direction and the anchor rod tend to be coplanar, FLAC3D finite element software is used for numerical simulation. Firstly, the numerical calculation models were established based on the solid elements and contact surface elements, and the parameters required for the numerical simulation are inverted by the physical experiment results.Secondly, fish language in FLAC3D was utilized to record the variation of shear force of structural plane with the increase of shear displacement during shearing. Finally, according to the geometric relationship in the mechanical model, the distribution function of the reaction force of the compressive side along the anchor rod was obtained. On the basis of the classical beam theory, the mechanical model was established, and the shear force calculation formula of the anchor rod at the structural surface was derived using the principle of minimum potential energy and the displacement variational method. The results demonstrate that the shear force on the anchorage structure surface first increases and then decreases with the increase of the anchoring angle. When the anchoring angle β≤90°, the “guide rail effect” of the anchor rod is more significant; When the anchoring angle β>90°, after shear deformation, the rocks are separated due to the deformation of the anchor rods .
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